High-salt d(CpGpCpG), a left-handed Z′ DNA double helix

Drew, Horace R.; Takano, Tsunehiro; Tanaka, Shoji; Itakura, Keiichi; Dickerson, Richard E.

doi:10.1038/286567a0

Cited by 501 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…circular dichroism experiments (1), has been confirmed by X ray crystal diffraction studies (2,3) and characterized by other various techniques: 31P and 1H NMR (4-7), Raman (8,9) and IR spectroscopy (9,10). In native systems, the existence of such conformations has been evidenced by indirect immunological techniques (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Interaction of Z form poly(dG-dC). poly(dG-dC) with divalent metal ions: localization of the binding sites by I.R. spectroscopy

et al. 1984

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Interacdon of Z form poly (dG-dC ABSTRACTThe secondary structures of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) in the presence of alcaline, alcaline earth and first row transition metal ions (Na+, Mg2+, Co2+, Ni2+) are investigated by infrared spectroscopy. The conformational transitions are studied as a function of the hydration of the polynucleotide and counter-ion nature and content. The use of selectively deuterated poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) on the 8-carbon of guanines allows to show that a direct interaction occurs between the N7 site of guanines and the transition metal ions Co2+ and Ni2+. In the case of Mg +, for high ion/nucleotide ratios, the interaction occurs essentially at the level of the phosphate groups. This interaction leads to a modification of the left-handed conformation. Based on the IR spectroscopy results, an explanation is proposed for the different efficiencies of these various ions to induce the B -* Z transition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Interaction of Z form poly(dG-dC). poly(dG-dC) with divalent metal ions: localization of the binding sites by I.R. spectroscopy

et al. 1984

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“…We hypothesize that the local ordering of water molecules and the subsequent dehydration of the DNA molecules are the physical causes of the destabilization of the double-helix. The importance of local dehydration in condensed DNA has also been stressed in the case of the transitions between the various types (A, A', B, C, 2, 2') of double-helices in the fiber and crystalline state (Drew et al, 1980). tion profoundly modifies complementary recognition in single-stranded and double-stranded DNA molecules.…”

Section: Discussion (A) Renaturation Of Condensed Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary recognition in condensed DNA: Accelerated DNA renaturation

Sikorav

Church

1991

Journal of Molecular Biology

104

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The functional consequences of DNA condensation are investigated. The recognition of complementary strands is profoundly modified by this critical phenomenon.(1) Condensation of denatured DNA greatly accelerates the kinetics of DNA renaturation. We propose a unifying explanation for the effects of several accelerating solvents studied here including polymers, di-and multivalent cations, as well as effects seen with the phenol emulsions and single-stranded nucleic acid binding proteins. Optimal conditions for renaturation at or above the calculated three dimensional diffusion limit are theoretically consistent with a limited search space in the condensed phases. (2) In addition to these effects on association of two single strands, similar condensation acceleration effects can be seen in strand exchange experiments with double stranded DNA without proteins. These may model a mechanism of recombinational protein function.

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“…established by X-ray crystallography (Wang et al, 1979;Drew et al, 1980). However, L DNA formed in Mg2+-EtOH (which we designate as Z* DNA) has unique properties: a) it can be sedimented readily out of solution at low speed, indicative of condensation and intermolecular aggregation; b) it supports the binding of several intercalating (ethidium bromide, actinomycin D) and non-intercalating (mithramycin) drugs, although these interact preferentially with the R (i.e., B) form of DNA; and c) it functions as a template for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Z* DNA, the left-handed helical form of poly[d(G-C)] in MgCl2-ethanol, is biologically active.

Sande¹,

Jovin²

1982

The EMBO Journal

164

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The interconversion between the right (R) and left (L) helical forms of poly [d(G-C)] occurs at low concentrations of MgCI2 and EtOH, acting together in a highly synergistic manner. established by X-ray crystallography (Wang et al., 1979;Drew et al., 1980). However, L DNA formed in Mg2+-EtOH (which we designate as Z* DNA) has unique properties: a) it can be sedimented readily out of solution at low speed, indicative of condensation and intermolecular aggregation; b) it supports the binding of several intercalating (ethidium bromide, actinomycin D) and non-intercalating (mithramycin) drugs, although these interact preferentially with the R (i.e., B) form of DNA; and c) it functions as a template for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. B and Z* DNAs can be generated under idential ionic conditions and compared in a number of biochemical systems. Our results suggest that left-handed DNA may form under physiological conditions and serve a biological function.

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High-salt d(CpGpCpG), a left-handed Z′ DNA double helix

Cited by 501 publications

References 29 publications

Interaction of Z form poly(dG-dC). poly(dG-dC) with divalent metal ions: localization of the binding sites by I.R. spectroscopy

Interaction of Z form poly(dG-dC). poly(dG-dC) with divalent metal ions: localization of the binding sites by I.R. spectroscopy

Complementary recognition in condensed DNA: Accelerated DNA renaturation

Z* DNA, the left-handed helical form of poly[d(G-C)] in MgCl2-ethanol, is biologically active.

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