High-Risk Infections: Influence of Down-Regulation and Up-Regulation of Cough Using Airway Reflexes and Breathing Maneuvers

Tomori, Z; Donič, Viliam

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1496-4_1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This approach can be inadequate and sometimes ineffective [7][8][9] and may also have side effects [10], but above all, it acts downstream of the problem and not on the causes, namely the inflammatory response induced by the infection [11]. Since cough is commonly referred to as "the watchdog of the lung" [12], just as one would want the watchdog not to sleep during its activity, the same should be considered for the cough reflex, which The cough is "the watchdog of the airways"; therefore, it should not be sedated, but rather, we should try to attenuate the stimuli that evoke it by intervening on the "deep roots" of the problem. This approach can be inadequate and sometimes ineffective [7][8][9] and may also have side effects [10], but above all, it acts downstream of the problem and not on the causes, namely the inflammatory response induced by the infection [11].…”

Section: Pharmacological Suppression Of Coughmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach can be inadequate and sometimes ineffective [7][8][9] and may also have side effects [10], but above all, it acts downstream of the problem and not on the causes, namely the inflammatory response induced by the infection [11]. Since cough is commonly referred to as "the watchdog of the lung" [12], just as one would want the watchdog not to sleep during its activity, the same should be considered for the cough reflex, which should not be suppressed but potentially less stimulated for the neutralization of harmful substances. This latter goal can be achieved by using plant-based and natural substances with antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytoprotective, moisturizing, soothing, and anti-reflux effects [13] such as carob syrup, black currant dry extract, caraway fruit ex-tract, ginger rhizome extract, marshmallow root extract, and ivy leaf extract, which act on multiple factors involved in the activation of the cough reflex during viral infection (Figure 2) [14].…”

Section: Pharmacological Suppression Of Coughmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Well-Established and Traditional Use of Vegetal Extracts as an Approach to the “Deep Roots” of Cough

Pecoraro,

Peterle,

Dalla Benetta

et al. 2024

Children

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Cough is a common presenting symptom for patients in a primary care setting and significantly impacts a patient’s quality of life. Cough involves a complex reflex arc beginning with the stimulation of sensory nerves that function as cough receptors that stimulate the cough center in the brain. This “cough center” functions to receive these impulses and produce a cough by activating efferent nervous pathways to the diaphragm and laryngeal, thoracic, and abdominal musculature. Drugs that suppress the neural activity of cough are non-specific as those treatments are not directed toward pathogenic causes such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, they block a reflex called the watchdog of the lung and have a defense mechanism. Acute respiratory infections of the upper and lower airways most commonly cause acute cough. In contrast, the most common causes of chronic cough are upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, all associated with an inflammatory reaction at the level of the cough receptors. The use of natural compounds or herbal drugs such as carob syrup, dry blackcurrant extract, dry extract of caraway fruit, dry extract of ginger rhizome, dry extract of marshmallow root, and dry extract of ivy leaves, to name a few, not only have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, but also act as antimicrobials, bronchial muscle relaxants, and increase gastric motility and empty. For these reasons, these natural substances are widely used to control cough at its deep roots (i.e., contrasting its causes and not inhibiting the arch reflex). With this approach, the lung watchdog is not put to sleep, as with peripheral or central inhibition of the cough reflex, and by contrasting the causes, we may control cough that viruses use at self-advantage to increase transmission.

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Section: Pharmacological Suppression Of Coughmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach can be inadequate and sometimes ineffective [7][8][9] and may also have side effects [10], but above all, it acts downstream of the problem and not on the causes, namely the inflammatory response induced by the infection [11]. Since cough is commonly referred to as "the watchdog of the lung" [12], just as one would want the watchdog not to sleep during its activity, the same should be considered for the cough reflex, which should not be suppressed but potentially less stimulated for the neutralization of harmful substances. This latter goal can be achieved by using plant-based and natural substances with antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytoprotective, moisturizing, soothing, and anti-reflux effects [13] such as carob syrup, black currant dry extract, caraway fruit ex-tract, ginger rhizome extract, marshmallow root extract, and ivy leaf extract, which act on multiple factors involved in the activation of the cough reflex during viral infection (Figure 2) [14].…”

Section: Pharmacological Suppression Of Coughmentioning

confidence: 99%