High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Metastasis Risk of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Organ Transplant Recipients and Immunocompetent Patients

“…With cSCC metastases incidences of 6.0% in OTR and 3.3% in the immunocompetent patients the incidence of metastasis from this study was lower than in other studies. In OTR metastases incidences of 7-14% are reported for low-risk tumours and 10-20% for high-risk tumours (1,9,18,(27)(28)(29)(30). In the general population, the overall incidence varies between 2.3% and 9.9% (31).…”

Low‐dose 5‐fluorouracil in combination with salicylic acid for the treatment of actinic keratoses on the hands and/or forearms – results of a non‐interventional study

“…Actinic keratoses are defined as in situ squamous cell carcinomas (SCS) of the skin, the second most commonly diagnosed type of skin cancer with a rising global incidence . Recently, it was shown for the first time that on the basis of a differentiated origination mechanism, even AK I lesions harbour a potential risk of direct progression to an invasive squamous cell carcinoma .…”

Extrinsic aging

“…Risk factors for metastasis include tumor size > 2 cm, depth > 2mm, Clark level ≥ IV, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, poor differentiation, certain histological subtypes (desmoplastic or adenosquamous carcinoma, invasive Bowen’s carcinoma, SCC arising in areas of chronic inflammation), immunosuppression, human papillomavirus infection, high-risk anatomic location (pinna of the ear, labial mucosa), expression of certain tumor genes and inadequate tumor resection. The most important risk factors for development of metastatic disease are poor histological differentiation and perineural/lymphovascular infiltration 53 - 55 …”