High-responsivity graphene photodetectors integrated on silicon microring resonators

Schuler, Simone; Muench, Jakob E.; Ruocco, Alfonso; Balcı, Osman; Thourhout, Dries Van; Sorianello, Vito; Romagnoli, M.; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Goykhman, Ilya; Ferrari, Andrea C.; Mueller, Thomas

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23436-x

Cited by 82 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…These two peaks are sharp, and their intensity ratio (I2D/IG) is 1.42, meaning that the as-prepared graphene is a monolayer. The SEM image (inset in Figure 3) shows that the graphene film is uniform and continuous, demonstrating high quality [15,16]. Figure 3 shows the Raman spectrum of the graphene layer on top of the Si NTCAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Quantum Efficiency and Broadband Photodetector Based on Graphene/Silicon Nanometer Truncated Cone Arrays

Zhao

Liu

Deng

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Light loss is one of the main factors affecting the quantum efficiency of photodetectors. Many researchers have attempted to use various methods to improve the quantum efficiency of silicon-based photodetectors. Herein, we designed highly anti-reflective silicon nanometer truncated cone arrays (Si NTCAs) as a light-trapping layer in combination with graphene to construct a high-performance graphene/Si NTCAs photodetector. This heterojunction structure overcomes the weak light absorption and severe surface recombination in traditional silicon-based photodetectors. At the same time, graphene can be used both as a broad-spectrum absorption layer and as a transparent electrode to improve the response speed of heterojunction devices. Due to these two mechanisms, this photodetector had a high quantum efficiency of 97% at a wavelength of 780 nm and a short rise/fall time of 60/105µs. This device design promotes the development of silicon-based photodetectors and provides new possibilities for integrated photoelectric systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Quantum Efficiency and Broadband Photodetector Based on Graphene/Silicon Nanometer Truncated Cone Arrays

Zhao

Liu

Deng

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…By optimizi Moreover, photodetectors based on PTE effect can directly convert the optical signal to voltage signal, removing the need for a transimpedance amplifier. Various structures including photonic crystal waveguides [65], mircro-ring resonators [66] and double layer graphene [67] have been employed to enhance the light-matter interaction of the PTE effect, reaching impressive performances, such as responsivity higher than 90 V/W and operation bandwidths larger than 65 GHz. Although the external gating function adds complexity to the fabrication process compared to the photodetectors based on PV and PB effect, the PTE graphene photodetector is appealing to industry since it supports the direct connection between the photodetector and the read-out electric circuit.…”

Section: High-performance Photodetector Based On Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene on Silicon Photonics: Light Modulation and Detection for Cutting-Edge Communication Technologies

2021

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Graphene—a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon in a single-layer honeycomb lattice nanostructure—has several distinctive optoelectronic properties that are highly desirable in advanced optical communication systems. Meanwhile, silicon photonics is a promising solution for the next-generation integrated photonics, owing to its low cost, low propagation loss and compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes. Unfortunately, silicon’s photodetection responsivity and operation bandwidth are intrinsically limited by its material characteristics. Graphene, with its extraordinary optoelectronic properties has been widely applied in silicon photonics to break this performance bottleneck, with significant progress reported. In this review, we focus on the application of graphene in high-performance silicon photonic devices, including modulators and photodetectors. Moreover, we explore the trend of development and discuss the future challenges of silicon-graphene hybrid photonic devices.

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“…Different techniques have been reported thus far on manipulating the graphene optical absorption [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. A polarization-sensitive electro-absorption modulator based on a waveguide-integrated monolayer graphene was demonstrated over the wavelength range of 1350 nm to 1600 nm with an electroabsorption modulation equal to 0.1 dB µm −1 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Metamaterial Embedded within Bundt Optenna for Ultra-Broadband Infrared Enhanced Absorption

Awad

2022

Nanomaterials

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Graphene is well-known for its extraordinary physical properties such as broadband optical absorption, high electron mobility, and electrical conductivity. All of these make it an excellent candidate for several infrared applications such as photodetection, optical modulation, and optical sensing. However, a standalone monolayer graphene still suffers from a weak infrared absorption, which is ≅2.3%. In this work, a novel configuration of graphene metamaterial embedded inside Bundt optical-antenna (optenna) is demonstrated. It can leverage the graphene absorption up to 57.7% over an ultra-wide wavelength range from 1.26 to 1.68 µm (i.e., Bandwidth ≅ 420 nm). This range covers the entire optical communication bands of O, E, S, C, L, and U. The configuration mainly consists of a Bundt-shaped plasmonic antenna with a graphene metamaterial stack embedded within its nano-wide waveguide that has a 1.5 µm length. The gold average plasmonic loss is ≅25%. This configuration can enhance graphene ultra-broadband absorption through multiple mechanisms. It can nano-focus the infrared radiation down to a 50 nm spot on the graphene metamaterial, thus yielding an 11.5 gain in optical intensity (i.e., 10.6 dB). The metamaterial itself has seven concentric cylindrical graphene layers separated by silicon dioxide thin films, thus each layer contributes to the overall absorption. The focused infrared propagates tangential to the graphene metamaterial layers (i.e., grazing propagation), and thus maximizes the light–graphene interaction length. In addition, each graphene layer experiences a double-face exposure to the nano-focused propagating spot, which increases each layer’s absorption. This configuration is compact and polarization-insensitive. The estimated maximum absorption enhancement compared to the standalone monolayer graphene was 25.1 times (i.e., ≅4 dB). The estimated maximum absorption coefficient of the graphene stack was 5700 cm−1, which is considered as one of the record-high reported coefficients up to date.

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High-responsivity graphene photodetectors integrated on silicon microring resonators

Cited by 82 publications

References 86 publications

High Quantum Efficiency and Broadband Photodetector Based on Graphene/Silicon Nanometer Truncated Cone Arrays

High Quantum Efficiency and Broadband Photodetector Based on Graphene/Silicon Nanometer Truncated Cone Arrays

Graphene on Silicon Photonics: Light Modulation and Detection for Cutting-Edge Communication Technologies

Graphene Metamaterial Embedded within Bundt Optenna for Ultra-Broadband Infrared Enhanced Absorption

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