High-resolution μCT of a mouse embryo using a compact laser-driven X-ray betatron source

Cole, J. M.; Symes, D. R.; Lopes, Nelson; Wood, Jonathan; Põder, Kristjan; Alatabi, S.; Botchway, Stanley W.; Foster, P. S.; Gratton, Sarah; Johnson, Sara; Kamperidis, C.; Kononenko, Olena; Lazzari, M. De; Palmer, C. A. J.; Rusby, Dean; Sanderson, Jeremy; Sandholzer, Michael A.; Sarri, Gianluca; Szoke-Kovacs, Zsombor; Teboul, Lydia; Thompson, James; Warwick, J.; Westerberg, Henrik; Hill, Mark A.; Norris, Dominic P.; Mangles, Stuart; Najmudin, Z.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1802314115

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The rapid development of plasma-based accelerators is opening new possibilities in both fundamental and applied research by providing tools of scientific discovery. For instance, the demonstration of high-quality, high-efficiency acceleration of both electrons [1][2][3] and positrons [4] raises hopes for a plasma-based next-generation collider [5], while compact coherent and incoherent x-and γ-ray sources based on ultrabright beams enabled by plasma accelerators [6][7][8][9][10] may find broad applications in material, chemical, and biological sciences [11][12][13]. Both tools of scientific discovery require the generation of ultralowemittance, high-brightness beams [5,6,14,15] which have not been demonstrated to date in plasma acceleration experiments, and, thus, this topic is being actively studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fluctuations in the down ramp plasma source profile on the emittance and current profile of the self-injected beam in a plasma wakefield accelerator

Zhang

Huang

Marsh

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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With its extreme beam parameters, the FACET II facility enables the test of the down ramp injection scheme in the laboratory for the beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator approach. In addition to the ideal cases studied in previous theoretical work, we investigate the effect of fluctuations in the down ramp plasma source profile on the emittance and current profile of the self-injected beam using 2D and 3D particle-in-cell simulations. We show that down ramps with a length of ∼10 c=ω p can be reproducibly created by generating a shock in a supersonic flow. Simulations show that the emittance of the injected beam using such down ramps is ∼0.1 μm. A gentler ramp can further reduce the slice emittance of the beam to ∼0.03 μm. The emittance of the injected beam depends on the ramp length but is insensitive to the shape of the ramp. However, the current profile of the injected beam can be manipulated by changing the ramp shape. A simulation shows that, when a noncylindrical driver is used, the emittance of the injected beam differs in the two orthogonal transverse planes and is a few times larger than that of the cylindrical driver case. A full-scale simulation where we use a realistic density profile that includes the up ramp, the injecting down ramp, and the exiting down ramp is presented to show that the beam emittance is preserved during the acceleration and extraction of the beam.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fluctuations in the down ramp plasma source profile on the emittance and current profile of the self-injected beam in a plasma wakefield accelerator

Zhang

Huang

Marsh

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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show abstract

“…Despite the fact that osteological data have been a substantial source for phylogenetically informative characters, the vast majority of phylogenies produced these days rely on genetic/genomic data. Nevertheless, the availability and expansion of μCT is facilitating the generation of massive amounts of osteological data from vouchers deposited in natural history collections, and it is likely to become more common as the technology further develops shortening CT generation times (Cole et al, 2018). In this view, there are currently several ongoing projects and open resources that together are making osteological data across almost all vertebrate genera readily available for phylogenetic research (Cross, 2017).…”

Section: Modern Methods In Anatomical Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive skeletal anatomy of Blommersia transmarina (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae) from the Comoro Islands

2019

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Mantellid frogs present an extensive adaptive radiation endemic to Madagascar and Comoros, being the subfamily Mantellinae the most morphologically and ecologically diverse. The Mantellinae present key innovative evolutionary traits linked to their unique reproductive behavior, including the presence of femoral glands and a derived vomeronasal organ. In addition, previous studies pointed to size differentiation in playing an important role in species’ dispersal capacities and shaping of their geographic ranges. Despite the high phenotypic variation observed in this clade, to date an exhaustive morphological analysis of their anatomy has still not been performed, much less in relation to internal structures. Here, we present a comprehensive skeletal description of a mantellid species, Blommersia transmarina, from the island of Mayotte in the Indian Ocean, which has potentially undergone a process of moderate gigantism compared to other Blommersia species. We describe its intraspecific skeletal variation utilizing non-destructive volume renderings from μCT-scans, and characterize the presence of sexual dimorphism and size covariation in skeletal structures. Notably, we found numerous signs of hyperossification, a novel structure for mantellids: the clavicular process, and the presence of several appendicular sesamoids. Our findings suggest that skeletal phenotypic variation in this genus may be linked to biomechanical function for reproduction and locomotion.

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“…Moreover, the scattering processes inside the material significantly broaden the divergence and source size of the photon beam, resulting in a relatively low peak brilliance. Gas harmonics [34,35], betatron [36][37][38][39], laserthin foil irradiation [40,41], synchrotron radiation [42], and free electron lasers [43,44] also constitute viable sources of high energy photons. However, the photon maximum energy at which these methods operate is typically in the sub-MeV range.…”

Section: Compton X-ray Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Wakefield Electron Beams as Drivers of High-Quality Positron Beams and Inverse-Compton-Scattered Photon Beams

et al. 2019

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The fast-paced development of laser-wakefield electron acceleration has recently culminated in the generation of electron beams with extreme characteristics, including femtosecond-scale duration, mrad divergence, and high-energy. It is now customary to attain tens to hundreds of pC of charge with an energy of hundreds of MeV per particle with small-scale commercial laser systems, with multi-GeV electron beams being demonstrated from cm-scale accelerators. The interaction of such electron beams with either a solid target or the focus of a second high-power laser can result in the generation of high-quality positron beams and MeV-photon beams. The unrivaled properties of these secondary sources make them ideal for both fundamental and practical applications. In the present article, some of their main characteristics will be discussed, with particular emphasis on their potential applications in fundamental and applied physics. A discussion of potential future developments enabled by near-term laser facilities will also be presented.

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High-resolution μCT of a mouse embryo using a compact laser-driven X-ray betatron source

Cited by 62 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of fluctuations in the down ramp plasma source profile on the emittance and current profile of the self-injected beam in a plasma wakefield accelerator

Effect of fluctuations in the down ramp plasma source profile on the emittance and current profile of the self-injected beam in a plasma wakefield accelerator

Descriptive skeletal anatomy of Blommersia transmarina (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae) from the Comoro Islands

Laser-Wakefield Electron Beams as Drivers of High-Quality Positron Beams and Inverse-Compton-Scattered Photon Beams

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