High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of M87 with the Einstein observatory - The detection of an O VIII emission line

Canizares, C. R.; Clark, G. W.; Markert, T. H.; Berg, Christopher; Smedira, M.; Bardas, D.; Schnopper, H.; Kalata, K.

doi:10.1086/183104

Cited by 64 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…This scenario obtained very early strong support from spectroscopic observations with the Einstein observatory Solid State Spectrometer and Focal Plane Cristal Spectrometer instruments. It was found that the spectra imply an emission measure distribution of the gas as a function of temperature showing low temperature phases in addition to the hotter temperature gas and a distribution function in temperature consistent with steady Send offprint requests to: H. Böhringer, e-mail: hxb@mpe.mpg.de state cooling (Canizares et al 1979(Canizares et al , 1982Mushotzky & Szymkowiak 1988). This spectroscopic diagnostic remained one of the strongest bases for the foundation of the cooling flow picture until now, where XMM-Newton and Chandra are finally providing high resolution X-ray spectra superseeding those obtained with the Einstein instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The new emerging model for the structure of cooling cores in clusters of galaxies

Böhringer

Matsushita

Churazov

et al. 2002

A&A

173

171

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Abstract. New X-ray observations with XMM-Newton show a lack of spectral evidence for large amounts of cooling and condensing gas in the centers of galaxy clusters believed to harbour strong cooling flows. This paper re-explores the cooling flow scenario in the light of the new observations. We explore the diagnostics of the temperature structure of cooling cores with XMM-spectroscopy, tests for intracluster X-ray absorption towards central AGN, the effect of metal abundance inhomogeneities, and the implications of high resolution images in the centers of clusters. We find no evidence of intrinsic absorption in the center of the cooling flows of M 87 and the Perseus cluster. We further consider the effect of cluster rotation in cooling flow regions in the frame of cosmic structure evolution models. Also, the heating of the core regions of clusters by jets from a central AGN is reconsidered. We find that the power of the AGN jets as estimated by their interaction effects with the intracluster medium in several examples is more then sufficient to heat the cooling flows and to reduce the mass deposition rates. We explore in more detail which requirements such a heating model has to fulfill to be consistent with all observations, point out the way such a model could be constructed, and argue that such model building seems to be successful. In summary, it is argued that most observational evidence points towards much lower mass deposition rates than previously inferred in the central region of clusters thought to contain strong cooling flows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The new emerging model for the structure of cooling cores in clusters of galaxies

Böhringer

Matsushita

Churazov

et al. 2002

A&A

173

171

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“…Sarazin 1988;Fabian 1994). For the Centaurus, Perseus, Virgo, and Coma clusters there is direct spectroscopic evidence for cool gas from the Einstein Focal Plane Crystal Spectrometer (Canizares et al 1979;Canizares et al 1982;Mushotzky & Szymkowiak 1988). Based on simple, robust estimates for the electron densities and temperatures, it is estimated that in the large majority of clusters, gas in the central volume should cool radiatively to very low temperatures on a timescale short compared to the characteristic age of the cluster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray imaging-spectroscopy of Abell 1835

Peterson

Paerels

Kaastra

et al. 2001

A&A

480

463

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Abstract. We present detailed spatially-resolved spectroscopy results of the observation of Abell 1835 using the European Photon Imaging Cameras (EPIC) and the Reflection Grating Spectrometers (RGS) on the XMMNewton observatory. Abell 1835 is a luminous (10 46 ergs s −1 ), medium redshift (z = 0.2523), X-ray emitting cluster of galaxies. The observations support the interpretation that large amounts of cool gas are present in a multi-phase medium surrounded by a hot (kTe = 8.2 keV) outer envelope. We detect O VIII Lyα and two Fe XXIV complexes in the RGS spectrum. The emission measure of the cool gas below kTe = 2.7 keV is much lower than expected from standard cooling-flow models, suggesting either a more complicated cooling process than simple isobaric radiative cooling or differential cold absorption of the cooler gas.

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“…While other instruments aboard the Einstein and Rosat satellites had better spatial resolving power, they either lacked bandwidth or spectral resolving power. High spectral resolution data of clusters have only been obtained for the bright core of the Virgo cluster with the Einstein FPCS detector (Canizares et al 1979). With XMM-Newton it is now possible to combine high-resolution spectroscopy of moderately extended sources using the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) with high-sensitivity, medium (CCDtype) spectral resolution imaging with the European Send offprint requests to: J. S. Kaastra, e-mail: J.Kaastra@sron.nl Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) on spatial scales down to a few arcseconds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XMM-Newton observations of the cluster of galaxies Sérsic 159-03

Kaastra¹,

Ferrigno²,

Tamura³

et al. 2001

A&A

208

213

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Abstract. The cluster of galaxies Sérsic 159−03 was observed with the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory as part of the Guaranteed Time program. X-ray spectra taken with the EPIC and RGS instruments show no evidence for the strong cooling flow derived from previous X-ray observations. There is a significant lack of cool gas below 1.5 keV as compared to standard isobaric cooling flow models. While the oxygen is distributed more or less uniformly over the cluster, iron shows a strong concentration in the center of the cluster, slightly offset from the brightness center but within the central cD galaxy. This points to enhanced type Ia supernova activity in the center of the cluster. There is also an elongated iron-rich structure extending to the east of the cluster, showing the inhomogeneity of the iron distribution. Finally, the temperature drops rapidly beyond 4 from the cluster center.

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High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of M87 with the Einstein observatory - The detection of an O VIII emission line

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

The new emerging model for the structure of cooling cores in clusters of galaxies

The new emerging model for the structure of cooling cores in clusters of galaxies

X-ray imaging-spectroscopy of Abell 1835

XMM-Newton observations of the cluster of galaxies Sérsic 159-03

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