High resolution X-ray detector for synchrotron-based microtomography

Stampanoni, Marco; Borchert, G.; Wyss, P.; Abela, R.; Pàtterson, B. D.; Hunt, Steven C.; Vermeulen, D.; Rüegsegger, P.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(02)01167-1

Cited by 135 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…The spatial resolution (R) can be described by R = [(p/NA) 2 + (qxNA) 2 ] 1/2 , where NA is the numerical aperture, x is the scintillator thickness, and p and q are constants (Stampanoni et al, 2002). From this equation the numerical aperture and the scintillator thickness are the main factors that determine the spatial resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of X-ray tomographic microscopy on shales at different synchrotron facilities: ALS, APS and SLS

Kanitpanyacharoen

Parkinson

Carlo

et al. 2012

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) was used to characterize the three-dimensional microstructure, geometry and distribution of different phases in two shale samples obtained from the North Sea (sample N1) and the Upper Barnett Formation in Texas (sample B1). Shale is a challenging material because of its multiphase composition, small grain size, low but significant amount of porosity, as well as strong shape-and lattice-preferred orientation. The goals of this round-robin project were to (i) characterize microstructures and porosity on the micrometer scale, (ii) compare results measured at three synchrotron facilities, and (iii) identify optimal experimental conditions of high-resolution SRXTM for fine-grained materials. SRXTM data of these shales were acquired under similar conditions at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA, the Advanced Photon Source (APS) of Argonne National Laboratory, USA, and the Swiss Light Source (SLS) of the Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland. The data reconstruction of all datasets was handled under the same procedures in order to compare the data quality and determine phase proportions and microstructures. With a 10Â objective lens the spatial resolution is approximately 2 mm. The sharpness of phase boundaries in the reconstructed data collected from the APS and SLS was comparable and slightly more refined than in the data obtained from the ALS. Important internal features, such as pyrite (high-absorbing), and low-density features, including pores, fractures and organic matter or kerogen (low-absorbing), were adequately segmented on the same basis. The average volume fractions of low-density features for sample N1 and B1 were estimated at 6.3 (6)% and 4.5 (4)%, while those of pyrite were calculated to be 5.6 (6)% and 2.0 (3)%, respectively. The discrepancy of data quality and volume fractions were mainly due to different types of optical instruments and varying technical set-ups at the ALS, APS and SLS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of X-ray tomographic microscopy on shales at different synchrotron facilities: ALS, APS and SLS

Kanitpanyacharoen

Parkinson

Carlo

et al. 2012

J Synchrotron Radiat

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“…4). Our investigations were performed at the Tomography station of the Materials Science beamline (31) and at the TOMCAT beamline (32) of the Swiss Light Source at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The X-ray energy was optimized for maximum absorption contrast and the magnification of the X-ray microscope ranged from 20ϫ to 10ϫ.…”

Section: Srxtm Methodology For Fossilized Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryo fossilization is a biological process mediated by microbial biofilms

Raff

Schollaert

Nelson

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Fossilized embryos with extraordinary cellular preservation appear in the Late Neoproterozoic and Cambrian, coincident with the appearance of animal body fossils. It has been hypothesized that microbial processes are responsible for preservation and mineralization of organic tissues. However, the actions of microbes in preservation of embryos have not been demonstrated experimentally. Here, we show that bacterial biofilms assemble rapidly in dead marine embryos and form remarkable pseudomorphs in which the bacterial biofilm replaces and exquisitely models details of cellular organization and structure. The experimental model was the decay of cleavage stage embryos similar in size and morphology to fossil embryos. The data show that embryo preservation takes place in 3 distinct steps: (i) blockage of autolysis by reducing or anaerobic conditions, (ii) rapid formation of microbial biofilms that consume the embryo but form a replica that retains cell organization and morphology, and (iii) bacterially catalyzed mineralization. Major bacterial taxa in embryo decay biofilms were identified by using 16S rDNA sequencing. Decay processes were similar in different taphonomic conditions, but the composition of bacterial populations depended on specific conditions. Experimental taphonomy generates preservation states similar to those in fossil embryos. The data show how fossilization of soft tissues in sediments can be mediated by bacterial replacement and mineralization, providing a foundation for experimentally creating biofilms from defined microbial species to model fossilization as a biological process.bacterial ͉ developmental evolution ͉ metazoan origins ͉ taphonomy ͉ Cambrian

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“…High-resolution 3D images of selected ROIs were acquired at the X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy Station of the Materials Science beamline at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) (Stampanoni et al, 2002) using a local tomography setup described elsewhere (Heinzer et al, 2006). Briefly, the system was operated at 17.5 keV with a sample detector distance of 30 mm for distinct edge enhancement, and an optical magnification resulting in isotropic voxels of nominal 1.4 µm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%