Abstract:Summary
Surface-based common-offset ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection profiling is a popular geophysical exploration technique for obtaining high-resolution images of the shallow subsurface in a cost-effective manner. One drawback of this technique is that, without complementary borehole information in form of dielectric permittivity and/or porosity logs along the profile, it is currently not possible to obtain reliable estimates of the high-frequency electromagnetic velocity distributio… Show more
“…In the same way, surface multiples, which are events that are reflected twice in the subsurface with a reflection at the air-ice interface in between before being recorded, will also be absent. To our knowledge, such secondary scattering is rather rare in GPR data, as evidenced by the great success of single-scatteringbased algorithms for the processing and analysis of GPR data (Irving et al, 2009;Schmelzbach et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2020Xu et al, , 2021Liu et al, 2022).…”
“…In the same way, surface multiples, which are events that are reflected twice in the subsurface with a reflection at the air-ice interface in between before being recorded, will also be absent. To our knowledge, such secondary scattering is rather rare in GPR data, as evidenced by the great success of single-scatteringbased algorithms for the processing and analysis of GPR data (Irving et al, 2009;Schmelzbach et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2020Xu et al, , 2021Liu et al, 2022).…”
“…The wavelet transform technique is a well-known method for analyzing gravity and magnetic data from wells (Goyal and Tiwari, 2014;Ehsan et al, 2018). There are only a few studies that use the wavelet transform to detect interfaces or discontinuities in GPR data (Abd El-Raouf et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2022).…”
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most important techniques for obtaining high-resolution data in archaeological research, and it is becoming increasingly important. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT), which is non-numerical technique, gives an overcomplete representation of a signal by continuously varying the wavelet’s translation and scale parameters in the time series dataset. This paper focuses on the novel technique of integrating CWT and the wavelet transform maxima (WTM) to extract information from an archaeological test site in south-eastern China. For the characterization of archaeological features, we assessed the importance of dense and accurate data collection as well as GPR signal processing. The mathematical formulation and applicability of GPR attributes, particularly amplitude-based attributes, to identify and characterize archaeological buried targets are also discussed. GPR data is acquired using co-polarized and cross-polarized configurations with transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) broadside frequency plates at 100 and 200 MHz. Next, CWT was applied using six different wavelet levels, followed by amplitude comparison. The archaeological targets were successfully interpreted using peak amplitude and CWT. The proposed methodology has significantly improved data visualization and interpretation of GPR data, and it also gave us good results in identifying archaeological anomalies.
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