High-resolution transmission electron microscopy study of chemically deposited cadmium sulphide thin films from aqueous ammonia solutions

Lincot, Daniel; Ortega-Borges, R.; Froment, M.

doi:10.1080/01418639308226399

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…At this stage it is interesting to recall that CdS polymorphism is also observed in grown CBD films. Stacking faults and polytypic structures similar to those described here have been observed with densities depending on the deposition conditions 26a26b…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Phase Transition and Related Phenomena in Chemically Deposited Polycrystalline Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films

Lincot¹,

Mokili²,

Froment³

et al. 1997

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Optical and structural properties of chemically deposited CdS films have been characterized by using spectroscopic ellipsometry and electron transmission microscopy. Three representative cases have been studied using grown metastable cubic film and two films annealed at 400 °C (30 min) with and without a CdCl2 pretreatment (2 min dip in a CdCl2-saturated methanol solution). Without the pretreatment, the film remains at an intermediate state between the cubic and the stable hexagonal structure. With the pretreatment, a full transition to the hexagonal structure along with a strong recrystallization takes place. Full cubic or hexagonal films present high band gap values (2.44−2.46 eV), whereas band gap narrowing by ≈0.1 eV is observed in the second case. This effect is shown to be associated to a spatially modulated structure with a high density of stacking faults. This structure can be identified as a polytype cubic/hexagonal structure, which is a metastable intermediate in the phase transition process. Possible origins of the associated band gap lowering as order/disorder transition or stress effects are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Phase Transition and Related Phenomena in Chemically Deposited Polycrystalline Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films

Lincot¹,

Mokili²,

Froment³

et al. 1997

J. Phys. Chem. B

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“…In general the rate is represented by rational fractions with respect to the concentrations of reactants. Following this analysis, we find that the simplest expression of the growth rate, r, as a function of either thiourea or cadmium concen- tration, X, at fixed concentrations of the other species, has the following form aX r -1 + bX [17] Any individual curve can be fitted by such an expression with a good adjustment. The a and b values are listed in Table III which were obtained by fitting the data presented in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanism of Chemical Bath Deposition of Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films in the Ammonia‐Thiourea System: In Situ Kinetic Study and Modelization

Ortega-Borges

Lincot

1993

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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348

199

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The mechanism of chemical bath deposition of cadmium sulfide thin films from the ammonia‐thiourea system is studied in situ by means of quartz crystal microbalance technique (QCM). The influence of reaction parameters (concentration of reactants, pH, anions, temperature, stirring rate) is determined. The growth is thermally activated with an activation energy of about 85 kJ/mol, which probably corresponds to a chemical step related to the decomposition of thiourea. The results are well interpreted by assuming an atom‐by‐atom growth mechanism. A model is presented, which fits most of the experimental results quantitatively. It involves two or three rate‐limiting surface steps, the formation of normalCdS taking place via a surface complex between thiourea and cadmium hydroxide. Analytical expressions are given, allowing prediction of the rate under various conditions in this system.

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“…Depending on the bath condition, the resulting CdS lattice structure may be cubic, hexagonal, or a mixture [120]. Under typical conditions used for Cu(InGa)Se 2 solar cells, the relatively thin CdS layers grow ion by ion, resulting in dense homogeneous films [121] with mixed cubic/hexagonal or predominantly hexagonal lattice structure [51,122,123]. The films consist of crystallites with a grain size of the order of tens of nanometers [122].…”

Section: Chemical Bath Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu(InGa)Se ₂ Solar Cells

Shafarman

Siebentritt

Stolt

2003

Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering

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High-resolution transmission electron microscopy study of chemically deposited cadmium sulphide thin films from aqueous ammonia solutions

Cited by 47 publications

References 6 publications

Phase Transition and Related Phenomena in Chemically Deposited Polycrystalline Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films

Phase Transition and Related Phenomena in Chemically Deposited Polycrystalline Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films

Mechanism of Chemical Bath Deposition of Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films in the Ammonia‐Thiourea System: In Situ Kinetic Study and Modelization

Cu(InGa)Se ₂ Solar Cells

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High-resolution transmission electron microscopy study of chemically deposited cadmium sulphide thin films from aqueous ammonia solutions

Cited by 47 publications

References 6 publications

Phase Transition and Related Phenomena in Chemically Deposited Polycrystalline Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films

Phase Transition and Related Phenomena in Chemically Deposited Polycrystalline Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films

Mechanism of Chemical Bath Deposition of Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films in the Ammonia‐Thiourea System: In Situ Kinetic Study and Modelization

Cu(InGa)Se 2 Solar Cells

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Cu(InGa)Se ₂ Solar Cells