High resolution three-dimensional strain measurements in human articular cartilage

Clark, J. R.; Tavana, Saman; Clark, Brett; Briggs, T.; Jeffers, Jonathan R.T.; Hansen, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104806

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…53 The radial zone of natural cartilage mainly played a role in mechanics, so the disappearance of this area leads to the collapse of newly formed cartilage tissue under the compression of external forces. 52,54,55 In this study, the structure of the fiber layer mimicked the bund radial zone of natural cartilage, which both changed the compressive modulus of the scaffold and has an impact on the growth trend of the cell. From the sight of TE, improving the mechanical properties of scaffolds was beneficial especially for their performance in vivo .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Preparation and characterization of a novel drug-loaded Bi-layer scaffold for cartilage regeneration

Yue

Lei

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Preparation and characterization of a novel drug-loaded Bi-layer scaffold for cartilage regeneration

Yue

Lei

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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“…Correlating tissues' structure and composition to their mechanical response is crucial to comprehensively assess the biomechanics of the OC unit, specifically considering how degeneration and treatment affect the homeostasis of such a complex unit. From this perspective, image-based techniques such as Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) can collect comprehensive information related to OC tissues' biomechanics, by evaluating how the tissues' structure responds to external loads [184][185][186][187][188][189]. For both techniques, the resolution of the displacement map and, therefore, the ability to account for tissue heterogeneity, depends on the imaging resolution and the subset/subvolume size [187].…”

Section: Complementary Approaches To Investigate the Oc Unit's Biomec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For both techniques, the resolution of the displacement map and, therefore, the ability to account for tissue heterogeneity, depends on the imaging resolution and the subset/subvolume size [187]. With particular reference to DVC, exhaustive measurement of the inner deformation induced within tissues are reported for mineralised tissues [188,190,191] and, more recently, extended to AC and its junction with bone tissue [4,184,189,192,193]. Concerning the assessment of AC using X-ray-based DVC, two main approaches are currently used.…”

Section: Complementary Approaches To Investigate the Oc Unit's Biomec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the main drawback of the Phase Contrast approach is the exposure of AC to repeated and prolonged irradiation, leading to the possible degradation of the tissue [187,194]. The second approach entails the staining of soft tissues via radiopaque contrast agents, thus increasing the contrast in the image and resolving their main features, e.g., the local arrangement of chondrocyte lacunae [184,192]. However, exposing AC to contrast agents could present two main limitations [195], as follows: (i) the possible alteration of tissue morphology and mechanical response and (ii) the enhancement reached by the penetration of a contrast agent could not induce the high-contrast three-dimensional variation of grayscale values required by DVC algorithms, reducing-or even impairing-the potential of DVC techniques.…”

Section: Complementary Approaches To Investigate the Oc Unit's Biomec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanics of the Human Osteochondral Unit: A Systematic Review

Berni,

Marchiori,

Baleani

et al. 2024

Materials

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The damping system ensured by the osteochondral (OC) unit is essential to deploy the forces generated within load-bearing joints during locomotion, allowing furthermore low-friction sliding motion between bone segments. The OC unit is a multi-layer structure including articular cartilage, as well as subchondral and trabecular bone. The interplay between the OC tissues is essential in maintaining the joint functionality; altered loading patterns can trigger biological processes that could lead to degenerative joint diseases like osteoarthritis. Currently, no effective treatments are available to avoid degeneration beyond tissues’ recovery capabilities. A thorough comprehension on the mechanical behaviour of the OC unit is essential to (i) soundly elucidate its overall response to intra-articular loads for developing diagnostic tools capable of detecting non-physiological strain levels, (ii) properly evaluate the efficacy of innovative treatments in restoring physiological strain levels, and (iii) optimize regenerative medicine approaches as potential and less-invasive alternatives to arthroplasty when irreversible damage has occurred. Therefore, the leading aim of this review was to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art—up to 2022—about the mechanical behaviour of the OC unit. A systematic search is performed, according to PRISMA standards, by focusing on studies that experimentally assess the human lower-limb joints’ OC tissues. A multi-criteria decision-making method is proposed to quantitatively evaluate eligible studies, in order to highlight only the insights retrieved through sound and robust approaches. This review revealed that studies on human lower limbs are focusing on the knee and articular cartilage, while hip and trabecular bone studies are declining, and the ankle and subchondral bone are poorly investigated. Compression and indentation are the most common experimental techniques studying the mechanical behaviour of the OC tissues, with indentation also being able to provide information at the micro- and nanoscales. While a certain comparability among studies was highlighted, none of the identified testing protocols are currently recognised as standard for any of the OC tissues. The fibril-network-reinforced poro-viscoelastic constitutive model has become common for describing the response of the articular cartilage, while the models describing the mechanical behaviour of mineralised tissues are usually simpler (i.e., linear elastic, elasto-plastic). Most advanced studies have tested and modelled multiple tissues of the same OC unit but have done so individually rather than through integrated approaches. Therefore, efforts should be made in simultaneously evaluating the comprehensive response of the OC unit to intra-articular loads and the interplay between the OC tissues. In this regard, a multidisciplinary approach combining complementary techniques, e.g., full-field imaging, mechanical testing, and computational approaches, should be implemented and validated. Furthermore, the next challenge entails transferring this assessment to a non-invasive approach, allowing its application in vivo, in order to increase its diagnostic and prognostic potential.

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“…Another route to enhance CT contrast in soft tissues is via radiopaque staining (e.g., iodine potassium iodide, phosphotungstic acid). A recent study relied on previously developed staining protocols ( Clark et al, 2020b ) to resolve chondrocyte distribution in human articular cartilage and measure full-field displacement and strain using DVC ( Clark et al, 2021 ), but once again, most staining procedures can alter both tissue morphology and mechanical properties ( Buytaert et al, 2014 ). New generation of staining agents with the potential of better preserving tissue integrity ( de Bournonville et al, 2020 ) could address the degradation problem; however, even in such case, issues related to heterogeneity of tissue contrast due to staining penetration/power can notably reduce DVC ability to measure reliable and reproducible local deformations.…”

Section: Open Challenges and Current/future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital volume correlation for the characterization of musculoskeletal tissues: Current challenges and future developments

Dall’Ara

Tozzi

2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Biological tissues are complex hierarchical materials, difficult to characterise due to the challenges associated to the separation of scale and heterogeneity of the mechanical properties at different dimensional levels.The Digital Volume Correlation approach is the only image-based experimental approach that can accurately measure internal strain field within biological tissues under complex loading scenarios. In this minireview examples of DVC applications to study the deformation of musculoskeletal tissues at different dimensional scales are reported, highlighting the potential and challenges of this relatively new technique.The manuscript aims at reporting the wide breath of DVC applications in the past 2 decades and discuss future perspective for this unique technique, including fast analysis, applications on soft tissues, high precision approaches, and clinical applications.

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High resolution three-dimensional strain measurements in human articular cartilage

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Preparation and characterization of a novel drug-loaded Bi-layer scaffold for cartilage regeneration

Preparation and characterization of a novel drug-loaded Bi-layer scaffold for cartilage regeneration

Biomechanics of the Human Osteochondral Unit: A Systematic Review

Digital volume correlation for the characterization of musculoskeletal tissues: Current challenges and future developments

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