High-Resolution Surface-Wave Tomography from Ambient Seismic Noise

Shapiro, N. M.; Campillo, Míchel; Stehly, Laurent; Ritzwoller, M. H.

doi:10.1126/science.1108339

Cited by 1,902 publications

(1,395 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Although seismic noise can be seen as a purely stochastic process and, therefore, can be seen to be diffusive when recorded over sufficiently long time (e.g. Shapiro & Campillo 2004;Shapiro et al 2005;Yao et al 2006;Cho et al 2007 amongst others), some studies indicate that the seismic wavefield might show a superdiffusive nature, that is, a persistent Markovian character with a memory longer than a pure Brownian (i.e. random) motion (Caserta et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shapiro & Campillo (2004), Shapiro et al (2005) and Sabra et al (2005) have been among the first authors who showed how coherent information about the structure of the Earth's crust and the upper mantle can be recovered from the seismic noise field. The theoretical roots of their work are described in the paper of van Tiggelen (2003) who showed that the correlation of diffuse waves can be used to retrieve wave information between two points in space-time, allowing for passive imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical properties of the seismic noise field: influence of soil heterogeneities

Pilz¹,

Parolai²

2014

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YSeismic noise is generally considered as a reproducible and temporarily stationary natural source of energy. We present a study on the statistical features of the soil motion due to the seismic noise wavefield and the dependencies on the near-surface geology. We have investigated the variations of the 3-D average squared soil displacement over different timescales. The results clearly indicate ballistic behaviour for short timescales being indicative for the properties of the shallow material. Differences in the structural heterogeneity of the subsoil produce different scattering properties, changing the character of motion from nearly ballistic to diffusive on frequency-dependent timescales for all materials. Although in a strict sense the seismic noise wavefield is not completely isotropic, an ultimate pre-condition for a diffusive wavefield, the deviations compared to a uniform distribution are rather small. This means that the emergence of the Green's function is effective for all network sites after a sufficient self-averaging process that is provided by the scattering and the random spatial-temporal noise source distribution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical properties of the seismic noise field: influence of soil heterogeneities

Pilz¹,

Parolai²

2014

Geophysical Journal International

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“…Campillo and Paul [5] applied Green's function retrieval to the diffuse parts of seismic coda waves. Shapiro et al [6] applied it to surface waves to image the subsurface of California. Draganov et al [7] retrieved seismic subsurface reflections from noise records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieving the Green's Function From Cross Correlation in a Bianisotropic Medium

Slob¹,

Wapenaar²

2009

PIER

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Abstract-Development of theory and experiments to retrieve Green's functions from cross correlations of recorded wave fields between two receivers has grown rapidly in the last seven years. The theory includes situations with flow, mechanical and electromagnetic disturbances and their mutual coupling. Here an electromagnetic theory is presented for Green's function retrieval from cross correlations that incorporates general bianisotropic media, which is the most general class of linear media. In the presence of dispersive nonreciprocal media, the Green's function is obtained by cross correlating the recordings at two locations of fields generated by sources on a boundary. The only condition for this relation to be valid is that the medium is non-dissipative. The principle of bianisotropic Green's function retrieval by cross correlation is illustrated with a numerical example.

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“…The use of long-range correlations for practical applications in seismology is recent. SHAPIRO and CAMPILLO (2004), SABRA et al (2005), SHAPIRO et al (2005) andPEDERSEN et al (2005) demonstrated the validity of the approach. SHAPIRO and CAMPILLO (2004) performed group velocity measurements on reconstructed signals in the period range 10-125 s and for interstation distances from a few hundreds to 494 M. Campillo Pure appl.…”

Section: Field Correlation In the Seismic Noisementioning

confidence: 92%

“…SHAPIRO et al (2005) presented the first example of the use of the ocean-generated noise to map Rayleigh wave group velocity. Here we present an example of this mapping.…”

Section: Field Correlation In the Seismic Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Phase and Correlation in ‘Random’ Seismic Fields and the Reconstruction of the Green Function

Campillo¹,

Derode²,

Larose³

et al.

Pageoph Topical Volumes

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Abstract-We first present a summary of recent results on coda interpretation. We emphasize the observation of the stabilization of P to S energy ratio indicating the modal equipartition of the wavefield. This property clearly shows that the coda waves are in the regime of multiple scattering. Numerical solutions of the elastic radiative transfer equation are used to illustrate the evolution of the wave-field towards P-to-S energy stabilization, and asymptotically to complete isotropy. The energy properties of the coda have been widely studied but the phase properties have often been neglected. The recently observed coherent backscattering enhancement, an expression of the so-called 'weak localization', demonstrates that interference effects still persist for multiple diffracted waves. Another manifestation of the persistence of the phase is the possibility to reconstruct the Green function between two stations by averaging the cross correlation of coda waves produced by distant earthquakes and recorded at those two stations. This reconstruction is directly related to the properties of reciprocity and time reversal of any wavefield. Using broadband seismic coda waves, we show that the dominant phases of the Green function in the band 2 s-10 s, namely fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love waves, are reconstructed. We analyze the time symmetry of the cross correlation and show how the level of symmetry evolves with the isotropization of the diffuse field with lapse time. Similarly we investigate the correlation in continuous ambient noise records. Whereas the randomness of the coda results from multiple scattering by randomly distributed scatterers, we assume that the seismic noise is random mostly because of the distribution of sources at the surface of the Earth. Surface waves can be extracted from long time series. The dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves are deduced from the correlations. On paths where measurements from earthquake data are also available, we show that they are in good agreement with those deduced from noise correlation. The measurement of velocities from correlation of noise along paths crossing different crustal structures opens the way for a 'passive imaging' of the Earth's structure.

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High-Resolution Surface-Wave Tomography from Ambient Seismic Noise

Cited by 1,902 publications

References 27 publications

Statistical properties of the seismic noise field: influence of soil heterogeneities

Statistical properties of the seismic noise field: influence of soil heterogeneities

Retrieving the Green's Function From Cross Correlation in a Bianisotropic Medium

Phase and Correlation in ‘Random’ Seismic Fields and the Reconstruction of the Green Function

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