High-Resolution Structural and Functional Assessments of Cerebral Microvasculature Using 3D Gas ΔR2*-mMRA

Huang, Chien-Hsiang; Chen, Chiao-Chi V.; Siow, Tiing-Yee; Hsu, Sheng-Hsiou S.; Hsu, Yi-Hua; Jaw, Fu‐Shan; Chang, Chen

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078186

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Our results show that the widely used ISO anesthesia generates poor vessel conspicuity in the mouse when supplied in 100% O 2 or medical air (Figures and ). In contrast, vessels are clearly detected under ISO anesthesia with similar gas conditions in rats . These observations are consistent with results indicating that ISO anesthesia at a dose of 1.1‐fold the minimal alveolar concentration (mice: 1.8‐2.0%; rats: 2‐2.3%) exhausts the cerebrovascular reserve capacity in mice more effectively than in rats .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The second method was based on the calculation of

Δ R_{2}^{*}

, which requires 2 data sets. As expected, this method is superior for the detection of vessels at the surface of the brain . It also generates a quantitative measurement of

Δ R_{2}^{*}

which can characterize microvasculature .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…

T_{2}^{*}

MRI techniques without contrast agent were proven useful to detect brain vasculature in the rat and in humans but, to the best of our knowledge, applications in the mouse brain have not been reported. Our results directly show that it is possible to reveal detailed vascular architecture in the mouse brain using

T_{2}^{*}

MRI without contrast agent (Figures ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4] However, this has not prevented the use of ISO anesthesia to study the rat cerebrovasculature without contrast agent with a T * 2 -weighted sequence. 5,6 There is strong evidence that modulating the anesthetic regime can lead to a good vessel conspicuity in the mouse; this was reported in the first papers on BOLD by Ogawa and collaborators. 7,8 However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous work has been published using T * 2 -weighted MRI (T * 2 MRI) without contrast agent to study the mouse cerebrovasculature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It was shown in rats that the convenient and widely used isoflurane (ISO) anesthetic increases cerebral SO 2 compared with α 2 ‐adrenoreceptors agonists anesthetics such as ketamine‐xylazine (KX) or dexmedetomidine (DEX), generating a loss of contrast between veins and cerebral tissues . However, this has not prevented the use of ISO anesthesia to study the rat cerebrovasculature without contrast agent with a

T_{2}^{*}

‐weighted sequence …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebrovascular MRI in the mouse without an exogenous contrast agent

Fouquet

Lebel

Cahill

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose To assess the effect of a variety of anesthetic regimes on T2∗‐weighted MRI of the mouse brain and to determine the optimal regimes to perform T2∗‐weighted MRI of the mouse cerebrovasculature without a contrast agent. Methods Twenty mice were imaged with a 3D T2∗‐weighted sequence under isoflurane, dexmedetomidine, or ketamine‐xylazine anesthesia with a fraction of inspired oxygen varied between 10% and 95% + 5% CO2. Some mice were also imaged after an injection of an iron oxide contrast agent as a positive control. For every regime, whole brain vessel conspicuity was visually assessed and the apparent vessel density in the cortex was quantified and compared. Results The commonly used isoflurane anesthetic leads to poor vessel conspicuity for fraction of inspired oxygen higher or equal to 21%. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine‐xylazine enable the visualization of a significantly larger portion of the vasculature for the same breathing gas. Under isoflurane anesthesia, the fraction of inspired oxygen must be lowered to between 10% and 14% to obtain similar vessel conspicuity. Initial results on automatic segmentation of veins and arteries using the iron oxide positive control are also reported. Conclusion T2∗‐weighted MRI in combination with an appropriate anesthetic regime can be used to visualize the mouse cerebrovasculature without a contrast agent. The differences observed between regimes are most likely caused by blood‐oxygen level dependent effects, highlighting the important impact of the anesthetic regimes on cerebral blood oxygenation of the mouse brain at rest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The second method was based on the calculation of

Δ R_{2}^{*}

, which requires 2 data sets. As expected, this method is superior for the detection of vessels at the surface of the brain . It also generates a quantitative measurement of

Δ R_{2}^{*}

which can characterize microvasculature .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…

T_{2}^{*}

T_{2}^{*}

MRI without contrast agent (Figures ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

T_{2}^{*}

‐weighted sequence …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cerebrovascular MRI in the mouse without an exogenous contrast agent

Fouquet

Lebel

Cahill

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Real‐time fiber‐optic recording of acute‐ischemic‐stroke signatures

Pochechuev

Bilan

Федотов

et al. 2022

Journal of Biophotonics

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We present an experimental framework and methodology for in vivo studies on rat stroke models that enable a real‐time fiber‐optic recording of stroke‐induced hydrogen peroxide and pH transients in ischemia‐affected brain areas. Arrays of reconnectable implantable fiber probes combined with advanced optogenetic fluorescent protein sensors are shown to enable a quantitative multisite time‐resolved study of oxidative‐stress and acidosis buildup dynamics as the key markers, correlates and possible drivers of ischemic stroke. The fiber probes designed for this work provide a wavelength‐multiplex forward‐propagation channel for a spatially localized, dual‐pathway excitation of genetically encoded fluorescence‐protein sensors along with a back‐propagation channel for the fluorescence return from optically driven fluorescence sensors. We show that the spectral analysis of the fiber‐probe‐collected fluorescence return provides means for a high‐fidelity autofluorescence background subtraction, thus enhancing the sensitivity of real‐time detection of stroke‐induced transients and significantly reducing measurement uncertainties in in vivo acute‐stroke studies as inherently statistical experiments operating with outcomes of multiply repeated measurements on large populations of individually variable animal stroke models.

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