High resolution spectroscopy and structure of molecular dications

Prediction and modelling of doubly-charged ions in the Earth's upper atmosphere

“…4 s (Mathur et al, 1995). When produced in excited states (electronic or vibrational), the lifetime of the dication is known to decrease rapidly (Cox et al, 2003). Therefore, another unknown is the relative abundance of the dication ground state to the excited states in the "ionisation cross section measurements" reported in Table 3.…”

Dynamics of chemical reactions of multiply-charged cations: Information from beam scattering experiments

“…In the past forty years or so, the interest in studies of multiply-charged ions has been growing rapidly. This is evidenced by review articles on properties of multiply-charged ions [1], on the stability of multiply-charged molecular species [2], on their spectroscopy [3,4], and on their gas-phase reactivity [5][6][7][8].…”

Relativistic double-ionization equation-of-motion coupled-cluster method: Application to low-lying doubly ionized states

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The doubly charged ions are highly reactive, and they play an important role in ionized gases, excimer lasers, plasmas, and interstellar clouds, which attracted much attention from both experimentalists and theoreticians. [7][8][9][10] The unambiguous theoretical prediction of the doubleionization spectra demands a reliable theory. The correctness and authenticity of the calculated values depend on the quality of the wavefunction in describing the quantum systems.…”