High resolution spectrometry for relativistic heavy ions

Abstract

Several techniques' are discussed for velocity and energy spectrometry of relativistic heavy ions with good resolution. A foil telescope * This work was performed under the auspices of the United States Energy Research and Development Administration.

Instrumentation for treatment of cancer using proton and light-ion beams

“…476479 This device combines gas ionization chambers, solid state silicon detectors, Nal scintillation detectors, and a channel plate tim~-of-flight system. 480 The energy loss and total energy of a particle with mass, A, and charge, Z, were measured as a function of depth of penetration in water. The spectrometer was also used to measure the quantity W, the average energy to produce an ion pair in the medium.…”

Cross sections forA=6–30 fragments from theHe4+28Woo1, Kwiatkowski2, Wilson3 et al. 1993Phys. Rev. C8000View full textAdd to dashboardCite

“…The timing start detector in the telescope consisted of a channel-plate fast-timing detector system which employed 18-mm diameter active-area channel plates [19,20]. This device was placed 18.4 cm from the 2sSi target.…”

Energetic neutral atom imaging of space plasmas

“…325 ENA energies are insufficient for thin solid-state ⌬E detectors, as used in particle ⌬EϪE telescopes, 38,40 therefore ultrathin foils are needed for START signal generation. The ultrathin foils were introduced in TOF spectrometers initially for study of particles with EϾ100 keV; [326][327][328] this energy limit was lowered later down to ϳ10-20 keV 37 and eventually down to 600 eV. 217…”

“…Such anodes provide an impedance-matched transition from an electron collector plate ͑anode͒ to a cable to an amplifier. These anodes are usually of conic shape 328,350,355 with large size extension in the axial direction. A novel compact impedance-matched anode with significantly reduced axial size was recently suggested on the basis of the circle of Appolonius.…”

“…Therefore the electron detector parallel to the foil can be used if the incoming particles impinge on the foil at a large angle, say 45°. 37,328,440 Non-normal ENA incidence is inconvenient, the foil is effectively thicker, and geometrical transparency of the supporting grid is smaller. It is preferable to mount the foil normally to the incident particles and to position the electron detector off the sensor axis without exposing it directly to the accompanying EUV/UV photons.…”