High‐Resolution Separation of Oligo(acrylic acid) by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

This paper provides a first update to the review of living radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) published in June 2005. The time since that publication has witnessed an increased rate of publication on the topic with the appearance of well over 200 papers covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging over reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics, and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and diverse applications.

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“…Capillary zone electrophoresis has been recommended as the method of choice for characterizing RAFT-synthesized PAA oligomers. [137] …”

Section: Characterization Of Raft-synthesized Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process—A First Update

Moad¹,

Rizzardo²,

Thang³

2006

Aust. J. Chem.

858

787

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“…Separate injection of RAFT agent allowed identification of the peak corresponding to the remaining RAFT agent in the oligoacrylates, as well as the degree of polymerization (DP) equal to one. [32] This separation was achieved using borate buffers; the same interpretation is valid in ammonium acetate, as shown in Fig. 1, using UV detection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Electropherograms have been normalized according to the total area and then translated vertically to allow visual comparison. Detection is by UV at 290 nm (absorption by the RAFT moiety [32] ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27] Its application to synthetic polymers has been successful, but is currently limited, especially in its simplest mode, free solution CE. [28] The Cottet group has demonstrated separation of the synthetic oligoelectrolytes, oligo(styrene sulfonate), [29,30] and oligo(N-phenylaniline); [31] our own research group has demonstrated the separation of oligoacrylates; [32] and others still have demonstrated separation of oligoguanidines. [33] The latter compared ion-pair liquid chromatography and CE, while we compared SEC and CE methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this current study, we used electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection to understand the high quality separation we previously communicated on oligoacrylates. [32] The aim of this paper is first, to reveal the separation mechanism. This subsequently allows discussion of the potential of CE for the determination of molecular weights and also tacticity of oligoacrylates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Weight and Tacticity of Oligoacrylates by Capillary Electrophoresis - Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2010

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Oligo(acrylic acid) efficiently stabilizes polymeric particles, especially particles produced by reversible additionfragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (as hydrophilic block of an amphiphilic copolymer). Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has a far higher resolution power to separate these oligomers than the commonly used size exclusion chromatography. Coupling CE to electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection unravels the separation mechanism. CE separates these oligomers, not only according to their degree of polymerization, but also according to their tacticity, in agreement with NMR analysis. Such analysis will provide insight into the role of these oligomers as stabilizers in emulsion polymerization, and into the mechanism of the RAFT polymerization with respect to degree of polymerization and tacticity.

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Using Capillary Electrophoresis to Investigate Protein Conformational and Compositional Heterogeneity

Grosas,

Du Plessis,

Thevarajah

et al. 2024

ChemBioChem

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Detailed insights into protein structure/function relationships require robust characterization methodologies. Free‐solution capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a unique separation technique which is sensitive to the conformation and/or composition of proteins, and therefore provides information on the heterogeneity of these properties. Three unrelated, conformationally/compositionally‐altered proteins were separated by CE. An electrophoretic mobility distribution was determined for each protein along with its conformational and/or compositional heterogeneity. CE results were compared with molar mass distributions obtained from size‐exclusion chromatography coupled to light scattering (SEC‐MALS). Bovine serum albumin oligomers and two monomeric species were separated, highlighting variations in conformational/compositional heterogeneity among the oligomers. Analysis of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase resolved two monomeric conformers and various tetrameric species, illustrating the impact of zinc ion removal and disulfide bond reduction on the protein’s heterogeneity. The apo (calcium‐free) and holo forms of bovine α‐lactalbumin were separated and differences in the species’ heterogeneity was measured; by contrast, the SEC‐MALS profiles were identical. Comparative analysis of these structurally unrelated proteins provided novel insights into the interplay between molar mass and conformational/compositional heterogeneity. Overall, this study expands the utility of CE by demonstrating its capacity to discern protein species and their heterogeneity, properties which are not readily accessible by other analytical techniques.

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High‐Resolution Separation of Oligo(acrylic acid) by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process—A First Update

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process—A First Update

Molecular Weight and Tacticity of Oligoacrylates by Capillary Electrophoresis - Mass Spectrometry

Using Capillary Electrophoresis to Investigate Protein Conformational and Compositional Heterogeneity

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