High-Resolution Offshore 3d Seismic Geophysical Studies of Infrastructure Geohazards

Abstract

As global earthquake activity continues to impact communities, infrastructure, and lives, the necessity of better identification and characterization of seismic hazards becomes ever clearer. The tragic 2011 Tohoku, Japan earthquake and tsunami increased the attention on critical coastal infrastructure projects exposed to earthquake hazards. Offshore faults are more difficult to identify and characterize than onshore faults. While multibeam bathymetric surveys can reveal surface geomorphologic expression of faults, seismic source characterization studies also require investigations of fault geometry in the subsurface. High-resolution offshore geophysical surveys can be a highly valuable tool for these tasks. Specifically, the use of high-resolution three-dimensional seismic reflection investigations can provide some of the most precise information about fault location, activity, and geometry. This work will discuss how the latest generation of ultra-high-resolution/high-fidelity marine seismic systems can be used to investigate sub-sea faults, and how it applies to complex geologic hazards to coastal infrastructure.

High-Resolution 3D Seismic Imaging of Fault Interaction and Deformation Offshore San Onofre, California

“…Bathymetry from Dartnell et al (2015 as Costa Rica (Edwards et al, 2018), Japan (Gulick et al, 2010), andNew Zealand (Eberhart-Phillips andBannister, 2010;Morley et al, 2017;Morley, 2018). Recently, portable state-of-the-art 3D seismic reflection systems, such as the 3D P-Cable system, have been developed that can be deployed from Ocean-Class research vessels of choice (Ebuna et al, 2013;Eriksen et al, 2015). P-Cable employs a cross-cable that is kept under tension by two one-ton paravanes attached to the ends of the cross-cable and to the stern (port and starboard) when the vessel is underway (Figure 2).…”

Ultra-high resolution 3D marine seismic: an overview

“…Дальнейшее ее развитие происходи-ло при участии института IFM-Geomar (Киль, Герма-ния), университета Осло (Норвегия) и коммерческих парт неров. В настоящее время система активно исполь-зуется в коммерческих и научных исследованиях, а ее развитие происходит при участии производителя обо-рудования (компания Geometrics) [Ebuna et al, 2013].…”

“…Также проводились работы с использова-нием группы излучателей типа "бумер". Позициониро-вание системы осуществляется дифференциальными ГНСС-приемниками, закрепленными на пушке, пара-ванах и судне [Planke et al, 2009;Ebuna et al, 2013].…”

“…Система P-Cable использовалась для картирова-ния опасных инженерно-геологических объектов [Ebuna et al, 2013;Шматкова и др., 2015], таких как газовые трубы, скопления приповерхностного газа на шельфе Баренцева моря [Planke et al, 2010] и газовых гидратов [Buenz et al, 2012].…”

Mitigation provisions to be implemented for marine seismic surveying in Latin America: a review based on fish and cetaceans

“…The duration of the discharge is determined by the purpose and range required by the oil operator in the area being explored (Serway & Jewett 2013). This process is usually uninterrupted because of the high operating costs and rental of special vessels equipped with seismic cable, air guns, hydrophones, and other technology required to carry out this activity (Ebuna et al 2013, Xia et al 2015.…”