High-resolution MR imaging of sequestered lumbar intervertebral disks

Masaryk, T J; Ross, J. S.; Modic, M T; Boumphrey, Francis; Bohlman, Henry H.; Wilber, Geoffrey

doi:10.2214/ajr.150.5.1155

Cited by 136 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…MRI, especially with gadolinium administration, appears to be the method of choice for diagnosis. Sequestrated fragments usually show low signal intensity on T1WI, and 80% of cases exhibit high signal intensity on T2WI relative to the degenerated disc of origin 15) . The high signal intensity on T2WI can be explained as either the herniated material still having a higher water content than an intact disc or a reparative process leading to a transient water gain 15) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequestrated fragments usually show low signal intensity on T1WI, and 80% of cases exhibit high signal intensity on T2WI relative to the degenerated disc of origin 15) . The high signal intensity on T2WI can be explained as either the herniated material still having a higher water content than an intact disc or a reparative process leading to a transient water gain 15) . Most of the disc fragments show peripheral contrast enhancement attributed to an inflammatory response with granulation tissue and newly formed vessels around the sequestrated tissue as shown in the present report 10) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Posterior Epidural Migration of Thoracic Disc Fragment

Kim

Lee

Son

et al. 2008

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior Epidural Migration of Thoracic Disc Fragment

Kim

Lee

Son

et al. 2008

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

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“…Another possible cause is degeneration starting within the annulus fibrosus, which then fissures [16]. Degeneration with a grossly intact annulus results in an annular bulge, seen as a general extension of the disc margin beyond the margin of the vertebral end plate [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar spine and low back pain, age and occupation in males

1997

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The purpose of this study was to undertake a critical review of the potential role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of low back pain (LBP) and to determine if there were differences in the MRI appearances between various occupational groups. The study group, 149 working men (78 aged 20-30 years and 71 aged 31-58 years) from five different occupations (car production workers, ambulance men, office staff, hospital porters and brewery draymen), underwent MRI of the lumbar spine. Thirty-four percent of the subjects had never experienced LBR Twelve months later, the examination was repeated on 89 men. Age-related differences were seen in the MRI appearances of the lumbar spine. Disc degeneration was most common at L5/S 1 and was significantly more prevalent (P < 0.01) in the older age group (52%) than in the younger age group (27%). Although LBP was more prevalent in the older subjects there was no relationship between LBP and disc degeneration. No differences in the MRI appearance of the lumbar spine were observed between the five occupational groups. Overall, 45% had 'abnormal' lumbar spines (evidence of disc degeneration, disc bulging or protrusion, facet hypertrophy, or nerve root compression). There was not a clear relationship between the MRI appearance of the lumbar spine and LBR Thirtytwo percent of asymptomatic subjects had 'abnormal' lumbar spines and 47% of all the subjects who had experienced LBP had 'normal' lumbar spines. During the 12-month follow-up period, 13 subjects experienced LBP for the first time. However, there was no change in the MRI appearances of their lumbar spines that could account for the onset of LBR Although MRI is an excellent technique for evaluating the lumbar spine, this study shows that it does not provide a suitable pre-employment screening technique capable of identifying those at risk of LBR

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“…These results are similar to those reported by Sykova et al (2006) who were able to detect iron oxide labelled rat stem cells when implanted in vivo within the spinal cord of injured rats. MRI has already been extensively used to image the IVD (Boos et al, 1994;Masaryk et al, 1988), and techniques have been developed to classify disc degeneration based on MR images Pfirrmann et al, 2001;Raininko et al, 1995;Schiebler et al, 1991;Tertti et al, 1991;Thompson et al, 1990). Consequently, as stem cell based techniques for IVD regeneration are developed, utilizing MRI to image the disc and monitor therapy seems to be a feasible and promising endeavour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging of iron oxide labelled stem cells: Applications to tissue engineering based regeneration of the intervertebral disc

Saldanha

Piper

Ainslie³

et al. 2008

eCM

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Minimally-invasive monitoring of regeneration in diseased tissue is an important aspect of stem cell therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based tracking of cells labelled with ferumoxides has the potential for non-invasive in vivo detection and longitudinal assessment of implanted cells. Cells labelled with ferumoxides appear as hypointense regions on MR images and thus can be distinguished from the surroundings. Application of this methodology to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD), and detection of labelled cells implanted into the disc for tissue regeneration was examined. Mesenchymal stem cells labelled with a ferumoxide contrast agent were imaged in vitro to quantitatively characterize the signal intensity loss using MRI relaxation parameters (T 1 , T 2 , and T 2 *). To determine whether labelled cells could be detected within scaffolds suitable for implantation, labelled cells were seeded within both natural and synthetic polymers and imaged using MRI. Labelled cells were loaded within poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels and imaged in vitro using both MRI and confocal microscopy. Labelled cells were also loaded into fibrin gels, and detected ex vivo within rat IVDs using MRI. Lastly, the effect of ferumoxide labelling on cell viability was investigated. Quantitatively, labelled cells demonstrate the greatest signal intensity loss and contrast on T 2 *-weighted images. Labelled cells can be detected in both synthetic and natural polymers, and can be distinguished from the native tissue environment of the rat IVD. Finally, labelling does not significantly impair cell viability. Consequently, this technique shows promise as a potential method for in vivo longitudinal tracking of stem cell based regeneration of the IVD.

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High-resolution MR imaging of sequestered lumbar intervertebral disks

Cited by 136 publications

References 3 publications

Posterior Epidural Migration of Thoracic Disc Fragment

Posterior Epidural Migration of Thoracic Disc Fragment

The relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar spine and low back pain, age and occupation in males

Magnetic resonance imaging of iron oxide labelled stem cells: Applications to tissue engineering based regeneration of the intervertebral disc

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