High Resolution Monitoring of Seawater Intrusion in a Multi-Aquifer System-Implementation of a New Downhole Geophysical Tool

Abstract

Monitoring of seawater intrusion is extremely important for the management of coastal aquifers, and therefore requires reliable and high-frequency monitoring tools. This paper describes the use of a new near field and downhole geophysical tool that monitors seawater intrusion in boreholes with high vertical resolution. This sensor is further used to study the impact of pumping on water electrical conductivity profiles (ECP) at the fresh-saline water interface. The new device was installed in a confined calcareous sandstone aquifer along the northern Israeli coast. The site includes two monitoring wells and one pumping well located at distances of 50, 75 and 125 m from shoreline, respectively. The new geophysical tool, called the subsurface monitoring device (SMD), was examined and compared to water an electric conductivity profiler (ECP) and a conductivity temperature depth (CTD) driver’s data. All methods show similar salinity trends, and changes in pumping regime were clearly identified with both the SMD and CTD. The advantage of using the SMD tool is the high temporal and spatial resolution measurement, which is transferred via internet and can be analyzed and interpreted in real time. Another advantage of the SMD is that it measures the electrical resistivity of the aquifer mostly outside the well, while both water ECP and the CTD measure in-well electrical conductivity; therefore, are subjected to the artefact of vertical flow in the well. Accordingly, while the CTD shows an immediate and sharp response when pumping is stopped, the SMD provides a gradual electric conductivity (EC) change, demonstrating that stability is reached just after a few days, which illustrates, more precisely, the hydrological response of the aquifer.

The Issue of Groundwater Salinization in Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean Region: A Review

“…Moreover, the time domain electromagnetic method (TDEM) has been widely employed as a characterization method to delineate the salinization of coastal aquifers with good results at large-scale areas [44][45][46][47][48], while only an example of airborne electromagnetics methods (AEM) has been present [49] due to the high cost of instrumentation and survey. Finally, a new downhole probe subsurface monitoring device (SMD) has been developed to monitor in real time the resistivity variations along a monitoring well profile via a cable loaded with electrodes [50] or via coupled fiber optics and ERT techniques [51].…”

Deep Learning-Based Time Series Forecasting Models Evaluation for the Forecast of Chlorophyll a and Dissolved Oxygen in the Mar Menor

“…On a weekly frequency, different biophysical parameters of the Mar Menor are monitored using a CTD [13]. The SeaBird model SBE 19plus is equipped with seven sensors on board.…”

Hydrochemical-geophysical study of saline paleo-water contamination in alluvial aquifers

“…The systematic use of probes equipped with sensors for temperature (Polemio et al 2009;Vandenbohede et al 2014) and electrical conductivity measurements (Cotecchia et al 1999;Smart and Worthington 2003;Di Sipio et al 2006;Polemio et al 2009;Tal et al 2019;Shin and Hwang 2020) allows for the collection of significant and rapid data, albeit qualitative, on the chemical-physical characteristics of the groundwater.…”