High-resolution modeling and evaluation of ozone air quality of Osaka using MM5-CMAQ system

Shrestha, Kundan Lal; Kondo, Akira; Kaga, Akikazu; Inoue, Yoshio

doi:10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62341-4

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This suggests that the coarser resolutions are adequate for simulating regional averages. Non-linear effects have been reported in previous model studies at the kilometer scale of urban areas (Kumar and Russell, 1996;Chock et al, 2002;Shrestha et al, 2009;Tie et al, 2010) or pollution plumes (Henderson et al, 2010;Valin et al, 2011), and these small-scale effects are not resolved here even at 0.25 • × 0.3125 • resolution. Nevertheless, the general ability of the GEOS-Chem simulation to capture the variance in the SEAC 4 RS observations implies that small-scale effects are not of major importance at least for the Southeast US.…”

Section: Chemical Variability and Biasmentioning

confidence: 60%

Sensitivity to grid resolution in the ability of a chemical transport model to simulate observed oxidant chemistry under high-isoprene conditions

Jacob

Fisher

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Formation of ozone and organic aerosol in continental atmospheres depends on whether isoprene emitted by vegetation is oxidized by the high-NO x pathway (where peroxy radicals react with NO) or by low-NO x pathways (where peroxy radicals react by alternate channels, mostly with HO 2 ). We used mixed layer observations from the SEAC 4 RS aircraft campaign over the Southeast US to test the ability of the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model at different grid resolutions (0.25to simulate this chemistry under high-isoprene, variable-NO x conditions. Observations of isoprene and NO x over the Southeast US show a negative correlation, reflecting the spatial segregation of emissions; this negative correlation is captured in the model at 0.25 • × 0.3125 • resolution but not at coarser resolutions. As a result, less isoprene oxidation takes place by the high-NO x pathway in the model at 0.25 • × 0.3125 • resolution (54 %) than at coarser resolution (59 %). The cumulative probability distribution functions (CDFs) of NO x , isoprene, and ozone concentrations show little difference across model resolutions and good agreement with observations, while formaldehyde is overestimated at coarse resolution because excessive isoprene oxidation takes place by the high-NO x pathway with high formaldehyde yield. The good agreement of simulated and observed concentration variances implies that smaller-scale non-linearities (urban and power plant plumes) are not important on the regional scale. Correlations of simulated vs. observed concentrations do not improve with grid resolution because finer modes of variability are intrinsically more difficult to capture. Higher model resolution leads to decreased conversion of NO x to organic nitrates and increased conversion to nitric acid, with total reactive nitrogen oxides (NO y ) changing little across model resolutions. Model concentrations in the lower free troposphere are also insensitive to grid resolution. The overall low sensitivity of modeled concentrations to grid resolution implies that coarse resolution is adequate when modelPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. K. Yu et al.: Sensitivity to grid resolution under high-isoprene conditionsing continental boundary layer chemistry for global applications.

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Section: Chemical Variability and Biasmentioning

confidence: 60%

Sensitivity to grid resolution in the ability of a chemical transport model to simulate observed oxidant chemistry under high-isoprene conditions

Jacob

Fisher

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…For example, the ability of comprehensive, multipollutant air quality models to run for longer periods at grid resolutions of 1-5 km is increasing (e.g., Makar et al, 2010;Shrestha et al, 2009). Output from these higher-resolution models may eventually lead to multipollutant information relevant to chronic exposure estimation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating multipollutant exposure across a complex metropolitan area by systematic deployment of a mobile laboratory

Levy

Mihele

et al. 2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. This study evaluates a deployment strategy of a heavily instrumented mobile lab for characterizing multipollutant spatial patterns based upon a limited number of measurement days spread over different seasons. The measurements obtained through this deployment strategy are used to gain insight into average pollutant levels between routine monitoring sites and in relation to emission sources in the region, as well as to assess correlations between pollutant patterns to better understand the nature of urban air pollutant mixtures. A wide range of locations were part of the deployment in order to characterize the distribution of chronic exposures potentially allowing development of exposure models. Comparison of the mobile lab averages to the available adjacent air quality monitoring network stations to evaluate their representativeness showed that they were in reasonable agreement with the annual averages at the monitoring sites, thus providing some evidence that, through the deployment approach, the mobile lab is able to capture the main features of the average spatial patterns. The differences between mobile lab and network averages varied by pollutant with the best agreement for NO 2 with a percentage difference of 20 %. Sharp differences in the average spatial distribution were found to exist between different pollutants on multiple scales, particularly on the sub-urban scale, i.e., the neighborhood to street scales. For example, NO 2 was observed to be 210-265 % higher by the main highway in the study region compared to the nearby urban background monitoring site, while black carbon was higher by 180-200 % and particle number concentration was 300 % higher. The repeated measurements of near-roadway gradients showed that the rate of change differed by pollutant with elevated concentrations detected up to 600-700 m away for some pollutants. These results demonstrate that through systematic deployment mobile laboratory measurements can be used to characterize average or typical concentration patterns, thus providing data to assess monitoring site representativeness, spatial relationships between pollutants, and chronic multipollutant exposure patterns useful for evaluating and developing exposure models for outdoor concentrations in an urban environment.

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“…Grid resolutions finer than 1 km are typically not used, because of the excessive computational resource requirements, and sometimes because the parameterizations in a particular model may not be adequate for grid cell sizes lower than 1 km. Examples of some CMAQ and CAMx nested grid applications with the finest grid resolution at 1 km are provided in [23][24][25][26][27]. However, even a resolution of 1 km is inadequate to resolve sub-grid scale features, such as plumes from elevated point sources, whose initial dimensions are of the order of a few tens of meters.…”

Section: Nested Grid Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-Grid Scale Plume Modeling

2011

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Multi-pollutant chemical transport models (CTMs) are being routinely used to predict the impacts of emission controls on the concentrations and deposition of primary and secondary pollutants. While these models have a fairly comprehensive treatment of the governing atmospheric processes, they are unable to correctly represent processes that occur at very fine scales, such as the near-source transport and chemistry of emissions from elevated point sources, because of their relatively coarse horizontal resolution. Several different approaches have been used to address this limitation, such as using fine grids, adaptive grids, hybrid modeling, or an embedded sub-grid scale plume model, i.e., plumein-grid (PinG) modeling. In this paper, we first discuss the relative merits of these various approaches used to resolve sub-grid scale effects in grid models, and then focus on PinG modeling which has been very effective in addressing the problems listed above. We start with a history and review of PinG modeling from its initial applications for ozone modeling in the Urban Airshed Model (UAM) in the early 1980s using a relatively simple plume model, to more sophisticated and state-of-the-science plume models, that include a full treatment of gas-phase, aerosol, and cloud chemistry, embedded in contemporary models such as CMAQ, CAMx, and WRF-Chem. We present examples of some typical results from PinG modeling for a variety of applications, discuss the implications of PinG on model predictions of source attribution, and discuss possible future developments and applications for PinG modeling. OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2011, 2 390

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High-resolution modeling and evaluation of ozone air quality of Osaka using MM5-CMAQ system

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Sensitivity to grid resolution in the ability of a chemical transport model to simulate observed oxidant chemistry under high-isoprene conditions

Sensitivity to grid resolution in the ability of a chemical transport model to simulate observed oxidant chemistry under high-isoprene conditions

Elucidating multipollutant exposure across a complex metropolitan area by systematic deployment of a mobile laboratory

Sub-Grid Scale Plume Modeling

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