High-resolution maskless patterning of AgNWs based on adhesion enhancement of a printed conductive polymer

Kim, Geonhee; Yoon, Jinsu; Yoon, Hyungsoo; Cho, Hyeon; Seo, Jiseok; Hong, Yongtaek

doi:10.1088/2058-8585/aca8b5

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…[54,60,61,70,72,76,77,80,86] AgNW patterning at high resolution is a crucial for extending the use of these materials in flexible and stretchable electronics applications including EP sen sing. [56][57][58][59]63,64,[87][88][89] AgNW-based materials have been recently reported as a good potential to replace the standard commercial wet Ag/ AgCl electrodes due to its high conductivity, optimized SNR value, and efficiency in detecting the EP signals.…”

Section: Materials Utilized For 3d Printed Dry Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Dry Electrodes for Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring: A Review

Alsharif

Cucuri

Mishra

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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EP electrodes are classified into two main categories: invasive (internal) and non-invasive (external). Non-invasive electrodes involve a harmless approach that detects EP signals from the surface of the human skin. [13,14] Human skin is divided into two main layers: the epidermis and dermis. The outer layer of human skin, the stratum corneum on the epidermis, has outstanding electrode-skin impedance features. [15] Therefore, while employing noninvasive electrodes for EP signal detection, it is essential to minimize the effect of the stratum corneum completely and thoroughly. Majority of the non-invasive electrodes are used in medical monitoring systems and are composed of silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes, [16][17][18][19] which have been utilized for many years. [20,21] In fact, state-of-the-art non-invasive electrodes are traditionally classified into three types based on the proportion of electrolytes present at the electrodeskin interface: wet electrodes, semi-dry electrodes, and dry electrodes. [22] Traditional wet electrodes setup includes Ag/AgCl electrodes and conductive gels that lowers the electrode-skin impedance between the electrodes and the epidermal layer of the human skin. The introduction of the gel plays an important role in establishing a non-polarized electrode-electrolyte interface and a stable electrode-skin interface. However, conductive gels or pastes limit the long-term monitoring of electrodes because of its tendency to cause skin irritation. [23] They can dehydrate and coagulate after prolonged use, thereby increasing the signal detection noise and degrading the signal quality. [24] In recent decades, several approaches have been developed to fabricate dry electrodes that do not require wet gels, making them a promising alternative as they have enhanced signal quality, portability, and ease of use. [25] Dry electrodes have clearly demonstrated several advantages, including rapid setup as well as user comfort due to the absence of conductive gels, skin preparation, and post-monitor cleaning. However, due to a lack of electrolytes, dry electrodes typically produce high electrode-skin impedance values that are substantially greater than those of wet electrodes. Furthermore, dry electrodes are prone to ambient noise and movement artifacts, making them unsuitable for mobile applications such as sports and where movement is required due to the noise produced in the EP signal. [22] The semi-dry electrode came out to be the most promising option. Although this term is out of the scope of this paper, semi-dry electrodes replaced the conductive gels 3D printed on-skin electrodes are of notable interest because, unlike traditional wet silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) on-skin electrodes, they can be personalized and 3D printed using a variety of materials with distinct properties such as stretchability, conformal interfaces with skin, biocompatibility, wearable comfort, and, finally, low-cost manufacturing. Dry on-skin electrodes, in particular, have the additional advantage of replacing...

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