High-resolution KLM Auger spectra of Ni metal excited by X-rays

Construction of a quartz spherical analyzer: application to high-resolution analysis of the NiKα emission spectrum

“…In the case of Ni, the peak maximum of the principal component of the KL 2 M 4,5 and KL 3 M 4,5 RA transitions would be located at 4.13 and 3.65 eV towards lower energies from the K 2 and K 1 line positions, respectively, as expected from the Ni KLM Auger transition energies (Egri et al, 2008). From experimental KLM Auger intensities (Egri et al, 2008) and from the multivacancy-state production and emission rates calculated by Scofield (1974), the rate of the KL 3 M 4,5 (KL 2 M 4,5 ) RA transition relative to the rate of the 1s À1 !2p 3/2 À1 (1s À1 !2p 1/2 À1 ) X-ray transition in Ni is estimated to be as low as 2.9 Â 10 À4 (3.0 Â 10 À4 ). The relative intensity of KL 3 M 4,5 RA transitions in Cu was estimated to be of a similar magnitude (5 Â 10 À4 ) (Maskil & Deutsch, 1988).…”

“…By contrast, RA transitions of the type KM 4,5 M 4,5 can distort the K 5 emission line on its low-energy tail as observed in high-resolution studies in Cu (Enkisch et al, 2004). The weak KLN Auger transitions could not be resolved in the high-resolution Auger spectra measured by Egri et al (2008). The relative rate of KL 2,3 N 1 RA to K 1,2 transitions is expected to be at least one order of magnitude lower than that for KL 2,3 M 4,5 RA transitions (Scofield, 1974).…”

“…The relative rate of KL 2,3 N 1 RA to K 1,2 transitions is expected to be at least one order of magnitude lower than that for KL 2,3 M 4,5 RA transitions (Scofield, 1974). The onsets of other, mostly much stronger RA transitions of the KLM group are, at least, 54 eV (to the lower energies) from the onset of the KL 2 M 4,5 transition (Egri et al, 2008). This energy is too far from the K 1,2 lines to distort them.…”

Radiative and Auger Decay Data for Modeling Nickel K Lines

“…With respect to the Kα 1,2 and Kβ unresolved transition arrays (UTAs) characteristic in second-and third-row ions (12 ≤ N ≤ 27), we have determined centroid wavelengths and Kα 2 /Kα 1 and Kβ/Kα line ratios which can be compared to the available solid-state measurements (Salem & Wimmer 1970;Salem et al 1972;Slivinsky & Ebert 1972;Berenyi et al 1978;Rao et al 1986;Perujo et al 1987;Hölzer et al 1997;Raj et al 2001). The KLM/KLL and KMM/KLL Auger decay channel ratios are also investigated along the isonuclear sequence, and HFR relative Auger channel intensities in Ni + are compared with a recent experiment (Egri et al 2008). Finally, the trends of the K-shell fluorescence yield and natural K-level width with electron number N are studied.…”

“…With respect to Ni, available atomic structure data sets-namely K-vacancy level energies, wavelengths, A-values, and radiative and Auger widths-for first-row ions with electron number 2 ≤ N ≤ 9 are far from complete while for the second and third-row ions (10 ≤ N ≤ 27) they are certainly lacking. The only exception is Ni + where measurements in the solid state have been reported (Salem & Wimmer 1970;Salem et al 1972;Slivinsky & Ebert 1972;Berenyi et al 1978;Rao et al 1986;Perujo et al 1987;Hölzer et al 1997;Raj et al 2001;Egri et al 2008) and the Kα unresolved transition array (UTA) centroid wavelength have been calculated by House (1969).…”