High resolution imaging of IgG and IgM molecules by scanning tunneling microscopy in air condition

Abstract

A scanning tunneling microscope is a powerful tool for obtaining micrographs from conductive and semiconductive materials. The imaging technique has recently been improved for microscopy of nanostructured biomaterials on highly ordered atomic surfaces. We describe, here, high resolution imaging of individual IgM and IgG using a scanning tunneling microscope (Nama-STM) in air condition. The biomolecules were immobilized on the surface of Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG). Obtained micrographs could reveal structural details of immunoglobulins G and M on the atomically flat surfaces. Obtained results confirmed that STM could be more useful than other microscopy techniques for the analysis of single biomolecules. © 2012 Sharif University of Technology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Formulation optimization and in vitro skin penetration of spironolactone loaded solid lipid nanoparticles

“…During the scan, the current set point was decreased from 0.1 nA to 50 pA. Rough data were processed by using median (middle range) and low pass Gaussian (high range) filters [13].…”

Fabrication of DNA nanotubes using origami-based nanostructures with sticky ends

“…Rough data were first processed using line adjust, plain adjust and average filters of the NAMA-STM Nanoanalyzer software. Then, the colouring process was tested on the obtained micrographs for different levels [19].…”

Myocellular lipid droplets and insulin sensitivity

“…It has previously been observed that in the obese state a higher fraction of IMCL is present as peroxidized lipids (4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)) [36], a lipid-derived reactive aldehyde with proven insulin-desensitizing properties [37]. Indeed, increased 4-HNE protein adducts have been observed in skeletal muscle of insulin resistant humans [38].…”

“…Hence, LD expansion may originate from coating of the LD with PLIN5 and its inhibitory effect on myocellular LD lipolysis, either by binding to the major triglyceride lipase ATGL [37] or by binding to the co-activator of ATGL, being CGI-58 [38]. In trained athletes, high levels of IMCL and high insulin sensitivity go along with high levels of PLIN5 [16,17], indicating that PLIN5 may modulate insulin sensitivity under conditions of high lipid load.…”

“…CGI-58 is a co-activator of ATGL and upon interaction lipolysis is stimulated [36]. Contrary to CGI-58, G0S2 inhibits ATGL activity [37,38]. PLIN5 regulates lipolysis, but by which mechanisms is not entirely clear yet.…”