High resolution glass capillary columns for the gas chromatographic analysis of alditol acetates of neutral and amino sugars

Hudson, Joseph R.; Morgan, Stephen L.; Fox, Alvin

doi:10.1002/jhrc.1240050602

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Cellulose and lignin were determined according to method 973.18 and β-glucan was determined according to method 995.16 (AOAC, 2007). Xylan concentration was determined according to Hudson et al (1982). Titanium was analyzed according to Leone (1973).…”

Section: Sample Collection Analyses and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of drought-affected corn and nonstarch polysaccharide enzyme inclusion on nursery pig growth performance1,2

Jones

Frantz

Bingham

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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The effectiveness of carbohydrase enzymes has been inconsistent in corn-based swine diets; however, the increased substrate of nonstarch polysaccharides in drought-affected corn may provide an economic model for enzyme inclusion, but this has not been evaluated. A total of 360 barrows (PIC 1050 × 337, initially 5.85 kg BW) were used to determine the effects of drought-affected corn inclusion with or without supplementation of commercial carbohydrases on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of nursery pigs. Initially, 34 corn samples were collected to find representatives of normal and drought-affected corn. The lot selected to represent the normal corn had a test weight of 719.4 kg/m3, 15.0% moisture, and 4.2% xylan. The lot selected to represent drought-affected corn had a test weight of 698.8 kg/m3, 14.3% moisture, and 4.7% xylan. After a 10-d acclimation period postweaning, nursery pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 8 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial with main effects of corn (normal vs. drought affected) and enzyme inclusion (none vs. 100 mg/kg Enzyme A vs. 250 mg/kg Enzyme B vs. 100 mg/kg Enzyme A + 250 mg/kg Enzyme B). Both enzymes were included blends of β-glucanase, cellulose, and xylanase (Enzyme A) or hemicellulase and pectinases (Enzyme B). Pigs were fed treatment diets from d 10 to 35 postweaning in 2 phases. Feed and fecal samples were collected on d 30 postweaning to determine apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients. The nutrient concentrations of normal and drought-affected corn were similar, which resulted in few treatment or main effects differences of corn type or enzyme inclusion. No interactions were observed (P > 0.10) between corn source and enzyme inclusion. Overall (d 10 to 35), treatments had no effect on ADG or ADFI, but enzyme A inclusion tended to improve (P < 0.10; 0.74 vs. 0.69) G:F, which was primarily driven by the improved feed efficiency (0.76 vs. 0.72; P < 0.05) of pigs fed Enzyme A in Phase 2 (d 10 to 25 postweaning) and was likely a result of improved xylan utilization. In conclusion, drought stress did not alter the nonstarch polysaccharide concentration of corn beyond xylan concentration, so it was not surprising that enzyme inclusion showed little benefit to nursery pig growth performance. However, improved feed efficiency of pigs fed diets containing Enzyme A from d 10 to 25 postweaning warrants further investigation

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Section: Sample Collection Analyses and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyzed according toHudson et al (1982).9 Calculated using the equation NDF -ADF = hemicellulose. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jas/article/93/4/1703/4703556 by guest on 02 February 2021…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of drought-affected corn and nonstarch polysaccharide enzyme inclusion on nursery pig growth performance1,2

Jones

Frantz

Bingham

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Analysis of the carbohydrates of microorganisms by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS) has been used for the characterization and classification of several groups of bacteria such as the streptococci (27) and the bacteria often associated with meningitis (4). We previously reported improvements in carbohydrate analysis by using a modified alditol acetate derivatization method followed by capillary GC or GC-MS (10,11,16). This technique, based on high-resolution capillary chromatography, is a simple and reproducible procedure which we have employed routinely for the analysis of bacterial components.…”

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confidence: 99%

Capillary gas chromatographic analysis of carbohydrates of Legionella pneumophila and other members of the family Legionellaceae

Fox¹,

Lau²,

Brown³

et al. 1984

J Clin Microbiol

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Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires disease, and related organisms have previously been characterized primarily by conventional bacteriological methods, DNA-DNA hybridization, antigenic analysis, and fatty acid analysis. By capillary gas chromatographic analysis for carbohydrates, we have shown that muramic acid and glucosamine, characteristic markers of bacterial cell walls, were present in samples of L. pneumophila and a group of legionella-like organisms. Some bacterial samples contained two unusual isomeric aminodideoxyhexoses (Xl and X2). L. pneumophila was characterized by the absence of fucose and the presence of the peak Xl. Tatlockia micdadei (Legionella micdadei) was distinguishable by the presence of large amounts of rhamnose and fucose and by the absence of Xl and X2. Fluoribacter strains were much more variable in their carbohydrate composition. These data suggest that, in addition to other reported techniques, carbohydrate profiling by capillary gas chromatography can be a valuable diagnostic method in reference microbiology laboratories for differentiating members of the family Legionellaceae.

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“…Free sugar profiles of substrates were determined according to methods of Churms (1982) , and Kakehi and Honda (1989) by the Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories (Columbia, MO). Hydrolyzed sugar profiles were determined according to the methods of Oxley et al (2004) , Hudson et al (1982) , Kiho et al (1986) , and Fox et al (1989) by the Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories (Columbia, MO). Free sugar profiles of substrates following first- and second-stage digestion were analyzed by ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD) on a Thermo Scientific Dionex ICS-5000 system (Sunnyvale, CA), equipped with a quaternary gradient pump, a thermo AS-AP autosampler, and an electrochemical detector with a cell containing an Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a disposable gold/PTFE working electrode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of legumes using canine fecal inoculum

Traughber

Hoke

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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Legumes are a popular grain-free alternative carbohydrate source in canine diets, however, information on their fermentative characteristics have not been established. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to (1) quantify the chemical compositions and (2) fermentative profile of select legumes using canine fecal inoculum. Five legume varieties, whole yellow peas (WYP), green lentils (GL), black bean grits (BBG), navy bean powder (NBP), and garbanzo beans, were analyzed and compared to a positive control, beet pulp (BP). Substrates were analyzed for gross energy (GE), dry and organic matter, crude protein (CP), acid hydrolyzed fat, and total dietary fiber (TDF) fractions, beta-glucans, starch, free and hydrolyzed sugars, as well as fermentative characteristics: pH, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), total gas, hydrogen, and methane. Substrates then underwent a two-stage in vitro digestion and subsequent fermentation using canine fecal inoculum for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. All test substrates contained approximately 8-9% moisture and 4.5 kcal/g GE. The highest CP content was observed in GL (27%). Analyzed TDF content of test substrates was greatest for WYP (32%) and GL (36%). Total starch content was greatest for GL (58%) and WYP (56%). Sucrose and stachyose were the most predominant free sugars and glucose was the most predominant hydrolyzed sugar among test substrates. After 3 and 6 h of fermentation, a net negative change in pH was observed among most substrates with a net negative change in all substrates after 9 and 12h. Values for SCFA did not differ among substrates after 3 or 6 h of fermentation with BP and WYP among the greatest acetate (1,656 and 1,765 umol/g, respectively) and propionate production values (157.7 and 126.1, respectively) after 9 h. All substrates produced greater total gas volumes than WYP after 3 h, with no differences observed after any other time points. However, BP hydrogen production values were greater after 9 and 12 h (P < 0.0001; 726,042 and 394,675 ng/g, respectively) with greater methane production values after 12 h (P < 0.0001; 54,291 ng/g) than all test substrates. These data suggest that legumes offer a diverse macronutrient profile and appear to be a source of slowly fermentable fiber, which may have beneficial implications on the ratios of saccharolytic to proteolytic fermentation towards the distal colon.

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High resolution glass capillary columns for the gas chromatographic analysis of alditol acetates of neutral and amino sugars

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of drought-affected corn and nonstarch polysaccharide enzyme inclusion on nursery pig growth performance1,2

Effects of drought-affected corn and nonstarch polysaccharide enzyme inclusion on nursery pig growth performance1,2

Capillary gas chromatographic analysis of carbohydrates of Legionella pneumophila and other members of the family Legionellaceae

Chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of legumes using canine fecal inoculum

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