“…This is demonstrated best in the synthesis of some proton-rich nuclei heavier than iron via the astrophysical p-process, where (γ,n), (γ,p) and (γ,α) reactions are one of the driving forces [17]. Another example, which underlines the importance of photonuclear reaction studies in astrophysics is related to studies of time-reverse reactions, such as, e.g., 16 O(γ,α) 12 C reaction. In this experiment, due to the low reaction cross section close to the Gamow window, a time projection chamber (TPC), with optical readout, i.e., an active target, was used [18].…”