High-resolution full-scale measurements of thunderstorm outflow winds

Gunter, W. Scott; Schroeder, John L.

doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2014.12.005

Cited by 63 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…On the one hand, a research line was developed, of meteorological imprint, which studies the causes, morphology and life-cycle of thunderstorms also with regard to their classification (Goff, 1976;Fujita and Wakimoto, 1981;Wilson et al, 1984;Hjemfelt, 1988;Brooks et al, 2003). On the other hand, in a typical wind engineering spirit, there was a proliferation of measurements and interpretations of downburst according to signal analysis and models providing key elements for the wind loading of structures (Choi and Hidayat, 2002a;Choi, 2004;Letchford, 2006, 2007;Duranona et al, 2006;Holmes et al, 2008;Lombardo et al, 2014;Gunter and Schroeder, 2015).…”

Section: Wind Detection and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Climatology, Non-synoptic Phenomena and Downburst Wind Loading of Structures

Solari

2019

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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In 1961 Davenport published a paper, considered by most the constitutive deed of Wind Engineering, where meteorology, micrometeorology, climatology, aerodynamics and structural dynamics were embedded into a homogeneous framework of the wind loading of structures. This scheme, known as the "Davenport chain" and referred to a synoptic-scale extra-tropical cyclone is so limpid and elegant as to become a sort of axiom. Between 1976 and 1978 Gomes and Vickery separated thunderstorm from non-thunderstorm winds, determined their extreme distributions and derived a mixed statistical model later extended to other phenomena; this study, a milestone in the emerging issue of mixed climatology, proved the impossibility of labelling a heterogeneous range of phenomena characterized by different velocity fields, frequencies, durations and extensions by the generic term "wind". Many of these phenomena occur in limited and well-known areas. Extra-tropical cyclones and thunderstorms affect the entire planet. This paper provides a state-of-the-art of this subject, with particular regard to the studies conducted at the University of Genova on thunderstorms.

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Section: Wind Detection and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Climatology, Non-synoptic Phenomena and Downburst Wind Loading of Structures

Solari

2019

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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“…Knowledge of the low-level wind profile in and near thunderstorms can be useful to many aspects of both atmospheric science and wind engineering. As such, efforts to obtain field measurements of thunderstorm wind profiles have used both in situ anemometry mounted on tall towers (Goff, 1976;Wakimoto, 1982;Sherman, 1987;Lombardo et al, 2014) and remote sensing platforms, such as mobile Doppler-radars and radar profilers (Mueller and Carbone, 1987;Gunter and Schroeder, 2015), to acquire horizontal wind speed and direction profiles within thunderstorms. Where full-scale data have lacked, numerical simulations of isolated downdrafts impinging on a surface have been performed (Kim and Hangan, 2007;Mason et al, 2010;Vermeire et al, 2011;Orf et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Feasibility of Using Commercially Available Vertically Pointing Wind Profiling Lidars to Acquire Thunderstorm Wind Profiles

Gunter

2019

Front. Built Environ.

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While multiple types of remote sensing instruments have been used to investigate wind profiles associated with thunderstorms, the use of profiling Lidars (LIght Detection And Ranging) has been mostly limited to the wind energy sector. Using data from a wind energy company, this study explores the feasibility of profiling lidar data to obtain low-level (<150 m) wind profile information in and near thunderstorms. Two case studies were analyzed in which strong thunderstorms passed over the lidar while the remote sensor was operational and collecting wind speed, wind direction, and vertical velocity profiles at sub-minute resolution. Wind time histories at different levels of the wind profiles revealed that the lidar was able to collect data through the entirety of each event. The time histories also displayed a very typical thunderstorm outflow wind structure that has frequently been observed with in situ anemometry and radar remote sensing. As expected, vertical velocity data were mostly negative (indicating downdraft) during both events and exceeded −6 m s −1 in one event. A comparison of the lidar data with in situ sonic and cup anemometers was also performed. While only 10 min anemometer data were available, the limited comparison suggested a high degree of similarity in the mean sense, but standard deviations associated with the 10 min lidar data were much lower than those of the anemometer data. Though this latter result was not entirely unexpected, it serves to demonstrate some of the issues that should be addressed prior to using profiling lidars in thunderstorms.

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“…(1) wind statistics in mixed climates (Gomes and Vickery, 1978;Kasperski, 2002); (2) monitoring and data analysis (Choi and Hidayat, 2002a;Holmes et al, 2008;Lombardo et al, 2014;Gunter and Schroeder, 2015;Yu et al, 2016);…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring, cataloguing, and weather scenarios of thunderstorm outflows in the northern Mediterranean

Burlando

Shi

Solari

2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. High sampling rate (10 Hz) anemometric measurements of the Wind, Ports, and Sea monitoring network in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea have been analysed to extract the thunderstorm-related signals and catalogue them into three families according to the different time-scale of each event, subdivided among 10 min, 1, and 10 h events. Their characteristics in terms of direction of motion and seasonality/daily occurrence have been analysed: the results showed that most of the selected events come from the sea and occur from 12:00 to 00:00 UTC during the winter season. In terms of peak wind speed, the strongest events all belonged to the 10 min family, but no systematic correlation was found between event duration and peaks.Three events, each one representative of the corresponding class of duration, have been analysed from the meteorological point of view, in order to investigate their physical nature. According to this analysis, which was mainly based on satellite images, meteorological fields obtained from GFS analyses related to convection in the atmosphere, and lightning activity, the thunderstorm-related nature of the 10 min and 1 h events was confirmed. The 10 h event turned out to be a synoptic event, related to extra-tropical cyclone activity.

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High-resolution full-scale measurements of thunderstorm outflow winds

Cited by 63 publications

References 34 publications

Mixed Climatology, Non-synoptic Phenomena and Downburst Wind Loading of Structures

Mixed Climatology, Non-synoptic Phenomena and Downburst Wind Loading of Structures

Exploring the Feasibility of Using Commercially Available Vertically Pointing Wind Profiling Lidars to Acquire Thunderstorm Wind Profiles

Monitoring, cataloguing, and weather scenarios of thunderstorm outflows in the northern Mediterranean

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