High resolution cytochemical study of the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal association, <i>Glomus clarum</i>×<i>Allium porrum</i>

Jabaji, Suha; Théiren, J.; Charest, Pascale G.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00416.x

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This chitin assay was based on the assumption that chitin content is invariant with the state of development of the fungus. Grandmaison et al (1988) and Jabaji-Hare et al (1990) demonstrated that this was not the case. Furthermore, this compound is also present in other soil organisms (insects, arthropods) and could lead to high background values obtained from field experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

24‐Methyl/methylene sterols increase in monoxenic roots after colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

et al. 2004

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Summary• Characteristic sterols of transformed carrot ( Daucus carota ) and chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) roots colonized by different strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were identified.• Sterols were extracted, analysed and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from monoxenic cultures of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots. After colonization by Glomus intraradices , Glomus proliferum and Glomus sp., carrot and chicory roots exhibited a significantly higher 24-methyl/methylene sterol content. A correlation was established between the content of the sum of 24-methyl cholesterol, 24-methylene cholesterol and 24-methyl desmosterol.• This study clearly established that the increment of these characteristic sterols is an appropriate indicator of colonization by AM fungi of transformed roots.• Metabolic origin and specificity of these sterols in mycorrhizal roots was researched. The 24-methyl/methylene sterol increase was observed only when the interaction between fungus and plant was completely established and the fungus was present inside the roots.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

24‐Methyl/methylene sterols increase in monoxenic roots after colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

et al. 2004

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“…Nevertheless, the argument could be made that there is not enough DNA sequence similarity across Prokaryota and Eukaryota to detect nodC homologs in AM fungi by Southern hybridization or by PCR. N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine, D-mannose, and sialic acid have all been localized to the cytoplasm between the arbuscule and the host plasma membrane (42), so it is likely that these molecules are important to the symbiosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of early nodulin genes in alfalfa mycorrhizae indicates that signal transduction pathways used in forming arbuscular mycorrhizae andRhizobium-induced nodules may be conserved

Rhijn

Fang²,

Galili³

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

180

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Transcripts for two genes expressed early in alfalfa nodule development (MsENOD40 and MsENOD2) are found in mycorrhizal roots, but not in noncolonized roots or in roots infected with the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. These same two early nodulin genes are expressed in uninoculated roots upon application of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine. Correlated with the expression of the two early nodulin genes, we found that mycorrhizal roots contain higher levels of trans-zeatin riboside than nonmycorrhizal roots. These data suggest that there may be conservation of signal transduction pathways between the two symbioses-nitrogen-fixing nodules and phosphate-acquiring mycorrhizae.Of the two commonly described symbioses of roots-nitrogenfixing nodules in response to members of Rhizobiaceae or Frankiaceae and phosphate-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) between roots and endophytic fungi-the more ancient of the two is AM. Structures identified as arbuscules have been found in Aglaophyton major, an early Devonian land plant, providing evidence for at least a Ͼ400-million-year-old association between terrestrial plants and fungi (1). In contrast, the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis is much younger, having been established no more than 65 to 136 million years ago, when the angiosperms evolved. However, unlike the AM symbiosis, which is found in almost all angiosperm families, Rhizobiuminduced nitrogen-fixing symbioses appear to be restricted to a single subclade of a larger nitrogen-fixing clade (2).LaRue and Weeden (3) proposed that nodulation evolved from the more ancient AM association because of certain similarities between the two symbioses. For example, some legumes are Nod Ϫ (absence of nodule formation) as well as Myc Ϫ

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“…AMFinder sensitivity is best on vesicles, likely because AM fungal vesicles are fairly invariant, globular‐shaped structures surrounded by a thick, multi‐layered wall (Jabaji‐Hare et al ., 1990), resulting in high contrast signals within the surrounding plant tissues. By contrast, the arbuscular shape is more diverse, with branching extent and cell volume occupancy increasing during the initial development stages (Toth & Miller, 1984) and a size that is ultimately defined by host cell size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep learning‐based quantification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant roots

et al. 2021

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 Soil fungi establish mutualistic interactions with the roots of most vascular land plants.Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are among the most extensively characterised mycobionts to date. Current approaches to quantifying the extent of root colonisation and the abundance of hyphal structures in mutant roots rely on staining and human scoring involving simple, yet repetitive tasks prone to variations between experimenters.  We developed AMFinder which allows for automatic computer vision-based identification and quantification of AM fungal colonisation and intraradical hyphal structures on inkstained root images using convolutional neural networks.  AMFinder delivered high-confidence predictions on image datasets of roots of multiple plant hosts (Nicotiana benthamiana, Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Oryza sativa) and captured the altered colonisation in ram1-1, str, and smax1 mutants. A streamlined protocol for sample preparation and imaging allowed us to quantify mycobionts from the genera Rhizophagus, Claroideoglomus, Rhizoglomus and Funneliformis via flatbed scanning or digital microscopy including dynamic increases in colonisation in whole root systems over time.  AMFinder adapts to a wide array of experimental conditions. It enables accurate, reproducible analyses of plant root systems and will support better documentation of AM fungal colonisation analyses. AMFinder can be accessed on https://github.com/SchornacklabSLCU/amfinder.

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High resolution cytochemical study of the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal association, Glomus clarum×Allium porrum

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

24‐Methyl/methylene sterols increase in monoxenic roots after colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

24‐Methyl/methylene sterols increase in monoxenic roots after colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Expression of early nodulin genes in alfalfa mycorrhizae indicates that signal transduction pathways used in forming arbuscular mycorrhizae andRhizobium-induced nodules may be conserved

Deep learning‐based quantification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant roots

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