High‐resolution carbon mapping on the million‐hectare Island of Hawaii

Asner, Gregory P.; Hughes, R. Flint; Mascaro, Joseph; Uowolo, Amanda; Knapp, David; Jacobson, James; Kennedy-Bowdoin, Ty; Clark, J. K.

doi:10.1890/100179

Cited by 95 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our mapping approach is based on the original high-resolution method presented by Asner (45), with a series of improvements developed through testing and analysis in a wide variety of countries and ecosystems (25,(46)(47)(48)(49). The approach combines readily available satellite and geographic information system datasets at 1-ha or finer resolution with airborne LiDAR and field plot calibration data in a modeling framework to develop maps of ACD with spatially explicit uncertainty estimates (SI Appendix).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted carbon conservation at national scales with high-resolution monitoring

Asner

Knapp

Martin

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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106

134

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Terrestrial carbon conservation can provide critical environmental, social, and climate benefits. Yet, the geographically complex mosaic of threats to, and opportunities for, conserving carbon in landscapes remain largely unresolved at national scales. Using a new high-resolution carbon mapping approach applied to Perú, a megadiverse country undergoing rapid land use change, we found that at least 0.8 Pg of aboveground carbon stocks are at imminent risk of emission from land use activities. Map-based information on the natural controls over carbon density, as well as current ecosystem threats and protections, revealed three biogeographically explicit strategies that fully offset forthcoming land-use emissions. High-resolution carbon mapping affords targeted interventions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in rapidly developing tropical nations.carbon sequestration | forest degradation | deforestation | light detection and ranging | REDD+

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted carbon conservation at national scales with high-resolution monitoring

Asner

Knapp

Martin

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

106

134

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“…We applied locally derived species-specific diameter-tobiomass equations for the two most common species in our data set up to a maximum size class for the available models (M. polymorpha to 30 cm dbh and P. cattleianum to 20 cm dbh), as well as growth-form specific models for tree ferns and lianas (59% of stems, 9/ 52 species; Schnitzer et al 2006, Asner et al 2011. For the remaining species and larger M. polymorpha and P. cattleianum individuals, we used a global model for wet tropical forests from Chave et al (i.e., ''Model 1,'' 2005).…”

Section: Aboveground Biomass and Aboveground Biomass Incrementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel forests maintain ecosystem processes after the decline of native tree species

Mascaro

Hughes

Schnitzer

2012

Ecological Monographs

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106

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Abstract. The positive relationship between species diversity (richness and evenness) and critical ecosystem functions, such as productivity, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling, is often used to predict the consequences of extinction. At regional scales, however, plant species richness is mostly increasing rather than decreasing because successful plant species introductions far outnumber extinctions. If these regional increases in richness lead to local increases in diversity, a reasonable prediction is that productivity, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling will increase following invasion, yet this prediction has rarely been tested empirically. We tested this prediction in novel forest communities dominated by introduced species (;90% basal area) in lowland Hawaiian rain forests by comparing their functionality to that of native forests. We conducted our comparison along a natural gradient of increasing nitrogen availability, allowing for a more detailed examination of the role of plant functional trait differences (specifically, N 2 fixation) in driving possible changes to ecosystem function. Hawaii is emblematic of regional patterns of species change; it has much higher regional plant richness than it did historically, due to .1000 plant species introductions and only ;71 known plant extinctions, resulting in an ;100% increase in richness. At local scales, we found that novel forests had significantly higher tree species richness and higher diversity of dominant tree species. We further found that aboveground biomass, productivity, nutrient turnover (as measured by soil-available and litter-cycled nitrogen and phosphorus), and belowground carbon storage either did not differ significantly or were significantly greater in novel relative to native forests. We found that the addition of introduced N 2 -fixing tree species on N-limited substrates had the strongest effect on ecosystem function, a pattern found by previous empirical tests. Our results support empirical predictions of the functional effects of diversity, but they also suggest basic ecosystem processes will continue even after dramatic losses of native species diversity if simple functional roles are provided by introduced species. Because large portions of the Earth's surface are undergoing similar transitions from native to novel ecosystems, our results are likely to be broadly applicable.

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“…From full-waveform data analysis in a tropical context, the height of median energy returns of the canopy profile was reported to be more powerful than total height because it is sensitive to both vertical arrangement and density of canopy elements [28]. Similarly, from using discrete Lidar data, the mean canopy height profile, defined as the vertical center of canopy volume profile, was found to be a good estimator of biomass of tropical forests [29]. Extending the concept of vegetation profile, [24] proposed a voxel-based approach to assess the spatial organization of vegetation material in 3D.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This selected 5 km 2 Dipterocarp-dominated study site falls within the Western Ghats mountain range and is representative of the landscape. It may be noted that previously developed Lidar-based biomass models for tropical forests [29] were not tested on such high-wood density forests with a highly varying complexity in forest structure or terrain (Figure 1). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aboveground-Biomass Estimation of a Complex Tropical Forest in India Using Lidar

et al. 2015

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Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) is a state of the art technology to assess forest aboveground biomass (AGB). To date, methods developed to relate Lidar metrics with forest parameters were built upon the vertical component of the data. In multi-layered tropical forests, signal penetration might be restricted, limiting the efficiency of these methods. A potential way for improving AGB models in such forests would be to combine traditional approaches by descriptors of the horizontal canopy structure. We assessed the capability and complementarity of three recently proposed methods for assessing AGB at the plot level OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2015, 7 10608 using point distributional approach (DM), canopy volume profile approach (CVP), 2D canopy grain approach (FOTO), and further evaluated the potential of a topographical complexity index (TCI) to explain part of the variability of AGB with slope. This research has been conducted in a mountainous wet evergreen tropical forest of Western Ghats in India. AGB biomass models were developed using a best subset regression approach, and model performance was assessed through cross-validation. Results demonstrated that the variability in AGB could be efficiently captured when variables describing both the vertical (DM or CVP) and horizontal (FOTO) structure were combined. Integrating FOTO metrics with those of either DM or CVP decreased the root mean squared error of the models by 4.42% and 6.01%, respectively. These results are of high interest for AGB mapping in the tropics and could significantly contribute to the REDD+ program. Model quality could be further enhanced by improving the robustness of field-based biomass models and influence of topography on area-based Lidar descriptors of the forest structure.

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High‐resolution carbon mapping on the million‐hectare Island of Hawaii

Cited by 95 publications

References 16 publications

Targeted carbon conservation at national scales with high-resolution monitoring

Targeted carbon conservation at national scales with high-resolution monitoring

Novel forests maintain ecosystem processes after the decline of native tree species

Aboveground-Biomass Estimation of a Complex Tropical Forest in India Using Lidar

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