High-resolution and gapless dual comb spectroscopy with current-tuned quantum cascade lasers

Gianella, Michele; Nataraj, Akshay; Tuzson, Béla; Jouy, Pierre; Kapsalidis, Filippos; Beck, Mattias; Mangold, Markus; Hugi, Andreas; Faist, Jérôme; Emmenegger, Lukas

doi:10.1364/oe.379790

Cited by 67 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…More elaborate designs with optimized geometries, leveraging optical and acoustic cavity enhancement, could be used to improve the sensitivity 51 , 55 , 56 . In addition, more powerful dual-comb laser sources, such as high-power quantum-cascade laser combs 57 , 58 could enhance the photo-acoustic signal. Further, broadband dual-comb spectra from mode-locked lasers with high-mutual coherence 25 , 27 as well as sensitive multi-MHz bandwidth optical microphones 59 , 60 , and potentially opto-mechanical transducers 61 – 63 could be used to extend the spectral coverage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-acoustic dual-frequency comb spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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Photo-acoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is one of the most sensitive non-destructive analysis techniques for gases, fluids and solids. It can operate background-free at any wavelength and is applicable to microscopic and even non-transparent samples. Extension of PAS to broadband wavelength coverage is a powerful tool, though challenging to implement without sacrifice of wavelength resolution and acquisition speed. Here we show that dual-frequency comb spectroscopy (DCS) and its potential for unmatched precision, speed and wavelength coverage can be combined with the advantages of photo-acoustic detection. Acoustic wave interferograms are generated in the sample by dual-comb absorption and detected by a microphone. As an example, weak gas absorption features are precisely and rapidly sampled; long-term coherent averaging further increases the sensitivity. This novel approach of dualfrequency comb photo-acoustic spectroscopy (DCPAS) generates unprecedented opportunities for rapid and sensitive multi-species molecular analysis across all wavelengths of light.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-acoustic dual-frequency comb spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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“…One of the most straightforward applications of FCs is certainly dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS), which allows retrieving Fourier spectra without the need of moving interferometric components, therefore resulting in a fast and spectrally resolved acquisition procedure. However, while QCL-FC-based DCS setups have been successfully adopted in the mid-IR [43,44], the THz region is lagging behind. After the first attempts of a proof-of-principle acquisition of an etalon signal simulating a molecular absorption [45], or of a low resolution spectrum of ammonia gas, dual-comb THz setups have been developed for pioneering hyperspectral imaging [46], self-detection schemes [47] and time resolved spectroscopy on molecular gas mixtures [48].…”

Section: Applications and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward new frontiers for terahertz quantum cascade laser frequency combs

et al. 2020

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Broadband, quantum-engineered, quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are the most powerful chip-scale sources of optical frequency combs (FCs) across the mid-infrared and the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The inherently short intersubband upper state lifetime spontaneously allows mode proliferation, with large quantum efficiencies, as a result of the intracavity four-wave mixing. QCLs can be easily integrated with external elements or engineered for intracavity embedding of nonlinear optical components and can inherently operate as quantum detectors, providing an intriguing technological platform for on-chip quantum investigations at the nanoscale. The research field of THz FCs is extremely vibrant and promises major impacts in several application domains crossing dual-comb spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, time-domain nanoimaging, quantum science and technology, metrology and nonlinear optics in a miniaturized and compact architecture. Here, we discuss the fundamental physical properties and the technological performances of THz QCL FCs, highlighting the future perspectives of this frontier research field.

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“…Due to the lack of mature, mode-locked lasers in the mid-infrared wavelength range, non-linear conversion systems like different frequency generation (DFG) or optical parametric oscillation (OPO) are used to generate mid-infrared frequency combs for DCS [27,[30][31][32][33]. Recently, mode-locked QCLs have also been used for mid-infrared DCS, and demonstrated promising spectroscopic results [26,34]. As such, mid-infrared DCS have received increasing attention for various applications, such as combustion diagnostics [35][36][37], study of protein dynamics [38], radical-radical interactions in flash photolysis mixtures [39], and DC/pulsed plasma discharges [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband Time-Resolved Absorption and Dispersion Spectroscopy of Methane and Ethane in a Plasma Using a Mid-Infrared Dual-Comb Spectrometer

Abbas

Dijk

Jahromi

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Conventional mechanical Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) can simultaneously measure absorption and dispersion spectra of gas-phase samples. However, they usually need very long measurement times to achieve time-resolved spectra with a good spectral and temporal resolution. Here, we present a mid-infrared dual-comb-based FTS in an asymmetric configuration, providing broadband absorption and dispersion spectra with a spectral resolution of 5 GHz (0.18 nm at a wavelength of 3333 nm), a temporal resolution of 20 μs, a total wavelength coverage over 300 cm−1 and a total measurement time of ~70 s. We used the dual-comb spectrometer to monitor the reaction dynamics of methane and ethane in an electrical plasma discharge. We observed ethane/methane formation as a recombination reaction of hydrocarbon radicals in the discharge in various static and dynamic conditions. The results demonstrate a new analytical approach for measuring fast molecular absorption and dispersion changes and monitoring the fast dynamics of chemical reactions over a broad wavelength range, which can be interesting for chemical kinetic research, particularly for the combustion and plasma analysis community.

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High-resolution and gapless dual comb spectroscopy with current-tuned quantum cascade lasers

Cited by 67 publications

References 40 publications

Photo-acoustic dual-frequency comb spectroscopy

Photo-acoustic dual-frequency comb spectroscopy

Toward new frontiers for terahertz quantum cascade laser frequency combs

Broadband Time-Resolved Absorption and Dispersion Spectroscopy of Methane and Ethane in a Plasma Using a Mid-Infrared Dual-Comb Spectrometer

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