High-resolution and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus using an isotropic 3D T2 STIR (Short Term Inversion Recovery) SPACE sequence and diffusion tensor imaging

Viallon, Magalie; Vargas, Maria Isabel; Jlassi, Helmi; Lövblad, Karl‐Olof; Delavelle, J.

doi:10.1007/s00330-007-0834-4

Cited by 127 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Thick-sliced conventional axial images may not directly image the roots. These findings are consistent with the observations of Viallon et al in the brachial plexus [10]. High-resolution axial images obtained with other 3D sequences also allow good visualisation of the cervical nerve root, but the isotropic multiplanar reconstruction ability of the 3D SPACE sequence can be of particular use in severe degeneration and root compromise.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…As with all turbo spin echo sequences there is some element of T 1 weighting in the images [7]. The use of a 3D SPACE STIR sequence for imaging of the brachial plexus was also described recently [10]. The excellent resolution and ability to view and reformat the images in any plane was stressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3D SPACE sequence offers reasonable soft tissue signal intensities and contrast resolution, and is not limited to myelography such as is representation of the spine seen with some other 3D gradient echo sequences [7,10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Three-dimensional sampling perfection with application-optimised contrasts using a different flip angle evolutions sequence for routine imaging of the spine: preliminary experience

Tins¹,

Cassar‐Pullicino²,

Haddaway³

et al. 2012

The British Journal of Radiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The bulk of spinal imaging is still performed with conventional twodimensional sequences. This study assesses the suitability of three-dimensional sampling perfection with application-optimised contrasts using a different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) sequence for routine spinal imaging. Methods: 62 MRI examinations of the spine were evaluated by 2 examiners in consensus for the depiction of anatomy and presence of artefact. We noted pathologies that might be missed using the SPACE sequence only or the SPACE and a sagittal T 1 weighted sequence. The reference standards were sagittal and axial T 1 weighted and T 2 weighted sequences. At a later date the evaluation was repeated by one of the original examiners and an additional examiner. Results: There was good agreement of the single evaluations and consensus evaluation for the conventional sequences: k.0.8, confidence interval (CI).0.6-1.0. For the SPACE sequence, depiction of anatomy was very good for 84% of cases, with high interobserver agreement, but there was poor interobserver agreement for other cases. For artefact assessment of SPACE, k50.92, CI50.92-1.0. The SPACE sequence was superior to conventional sequences for depiction of anatomy and artefact resistance. The SPACE sequence occasionally missed bone marrow oedema. In conjunction with sagittal T 1 weighted sequences, no abnormality was missed. The isotropic SPACE sequence was superior to conventional sequences in imaging difficult anatomy such as in scoliosis and spondylolysis. Conclusion: The SPACE sequence allows excellent assessment of anatomy owing to high spatial resolution and resistance to artefact. The sensitivity for bone marrow abnormalities is limited. Conventional MRI protocols of the spine often consist of T 1 weighted and T 2 weighted sagittal and axial sequences. The axial images are acquired as blocks or parallel to an intervertebral disc space.A number of imaging centres use three-dimensional (3D) T 2 weighted sequences for imaging of the spine; however, these sequences are used for assessment in the axial plane only [1,2]. With older sequence types there have been compromises in the signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution and contrast resolution, although the advantage of the 3D reconstruction ability has been recognised [3,4]. Various sequences have been assessed for suitability, with particular emphasis on the depiction of the intervertebral foramina [1,4,5]. There has also been interest in imaging the whole spine with T 2 weighting-based 3D sequences [6].The 3D sampling perfection with application-optimised contrasts using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) sequence is a turbo spin-echo T 2 weighted 3D sequence using variable flip angles for refocusing instead of the conventional 180 u refocusing pulse.The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of the 3D SPACE sequence for imaging of the spine. The isotropic 3D SPACE sequence was evaluated in its delineation of anatomy and pathology, particularly in anatomically difficult locations. The capacity to ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Three-dimensional sampling perfection with application-optimised contrasts using a different flip angle evolutions sequence for routine imaging of the spine: preliminary experience

Tins¹,

Cassar‐Pullicino²,

Haddaway³

et al. 2012

The British Journal of Radiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Advanced MR imaging and CT techniques are in development, such as Bezier surface reformation of CT myelography for root avulsion and 3D STIR and diffusion-weighted MR neurography for postganglionic lesions. 11,12,14,15 In recent years, a PET study is in use for the differentiation of tumor recurrence from radiation plexopathy 11 and for depiction of neurolymphomatosis of the plexus in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 16 …”

Section: Physiologic Functional and Other Anatomic Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR Imaging Findings in Brachial Plexopathy with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Aralaşmak¹,

Karaali̇²,

Çevi̇kol³

et al. 2009

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY:The BPL is a part of the peripheral nervous system. Many disease processes affect the BPL. In this article, on the basis of 60 patients, we reviewed MR imaging findings of subjects with brachial plexopathy. Different varieties of BPL lesions are discussed.ABBREVIATIONS: AA ϭ axillary artery; ABD ϭ abduction; ADs ϭ anterior divisions; AS ϭ anterior scalene muscle; AV ϭ axillary vein; BPL ϭ brachial plexus; CC ϭ costoclavicular space; CL ϭ clavicula; EMG, electromyelography; I ϭ inferior trunk; IS ϭ interscalene triangular space; LC ϭ lateral cord; M ϭ middle trunk; MC ϭ medial cord; MRA ϭ MR angiography; MRV ϭ MR venography; MS ϭ middle scalene; NEU ϭ neutral; PC ϭ posterior cord; PDs ϭ posterior divisions; PET ϭ positron-emission tomography; PMA ϭ pectoralis major muscle; PMI ϭ pectoralis minor muscle; RP ϭ retropectoralis minor space; S ϭ superior trunk; SA ϭ subclavian artery; STIR ϭ short tau inversion recovery; SV ϭ subclavian vein; T1WI ϭ T1-weighted imaging; T2WI ϭ T2-weighted imaging; TOS ϭ thoracic outlet syndrome; TSE ϭ turbo spin-echo M any disease processes affect the BPL, and the common lesions can vary according to the age of subjects. In neonates and adolescents, traumatic injury is common. In middle-aged and older individuals, intrinsic and extrinsic tumors of the BPL, cervical spondylosis, TOS, and inflammatory plexopathy (idiopathic, infectious, radiation-induced, immunemediated, and toxic) are common. On the basis of 60 patients, we reviewed MR imaging findings of subjects with brachial plexopathy. Different varieties of BPL lesions and imaging techniques are discussed. Anatomy of the BPLThe BPL is a part of the peripheral nervous system, responsible for innervation of the shoulder, upper extremity and upper chest muscles, and cutaneous nerves of the skin and hand, with branches to the phrenic nerve (C3-C5) for diaphragm movement and to the sympathetic ganglia via the C8 and T1 nerves. In the cervicothoracobrachial region, the BPL courses superior and posterior to the subclavian artery and vein. The subclavian vein is located at the most anterior extent, anteroinferior to the anterior scalene muscle. The subclavian artery extends along the floor of the interscalene triangle between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. The BPL has 5 segments: roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches. The supraclavicular plexus includes roots and trunks. Through the neural foramina, roots of the BPL extend into the interscalene region, forming the superior (C5 and C6), middle (C7), and inferior (C8 and T1) trunks at the lateral border of middle scalene muscles. The retroclavicular plexus is located in the costoclavicular space, posterior to the clavicle and above the subclavian artery and vein, including the anterior and posterior division of the trunks. The infraclavicular plexus is situated in the retropectoralis minor space, lateral to the first rib, posterior to pectoralis muscles, and above the axillary artery and vein, including the 3 (medial, lateral, and posterior) cords and term...

show abstract

“…Conventional fat-suppressed T 2 -weighted spin-echo techniques cannot visualize small peripheral nerves because they appear iso-intense to blood vessels, as a result of which it is di‹cult to discriminate them from each other. 4,5 DWI, on the other hand, is of advantage in that it shows nerves as high signal in- Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid High Resolution MR Neurography with a Diffusion-weighted Pre-pulse

Yoneyama¹,

Takahara

Kwee

et al. 2013

magn reson med sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To introduce, optimize, and assess the feasibility of a new scheme to rapidly acquire high-resolution volumetric neurographic images using a three-dimensional turbo spin-echo sequence combined with a diŠusion-weighted pre-pulse called improved motionsensitized driven equilibrium (iMSDE): DiŠusion-prepared MR Neurography (D-prep MRN).Methods: In order to optimize the signal suppression of blood vessels and muscle at Dprep MRN, coronal lumbosacral plexus images were acquired inˆve volunteers at 3T, and the following parameters were examined: iMSDE gradient-strength (b-value) of 0, 2 and 10 s/mm 2 (with the aim to suppress blood vessels) and iMSDE preparation duration (iMSDE prep-time ) of 18, 50 and 100 ms (with the aim to suppress muscle signal). Subsequently, the feasibility of the optimized D-prep MRN sequence in visualizing the brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus, and cranial nerves was evaluated in 5 healthy volunteers.Results: A higher b-value of 10 s/mm 2 was better in signal suppression of blood vessels, whereas an intermediate iMSDE prep-time of 50 ms provided the best compromise between suppression of muscle signal and minimization of signal loss of nerves. With these parameters, the normal nerve structures showed high signal intensity, while the blood vessels and muscles were eŠectively suppressed. The optimized D-prep MRN sequence clearly showed the three-dimensional trajectory of the brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus, and cranial nerves.Conclusion: D-prep MRN was introduced and optimized, and clearly showed detailed anatomy of the brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus, and cranial nerves. These results suggest that the D-prep MRN can be used for fast, high-resolution, volumetric imaging of the peripheral nervous system.

show abstract

High-resolution and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus using an isotropic 3D T2 STIR (Short Term Inversion Recovery) SPACE sequence and diffusion tensor imaging

Cited by 127 publications

References 12 publications

Three-dimensional sampling perfection with application-optimised contrasts using a different flip angle evolutions sequence for routine imaging of the spine: preliminary experience

Three-dimensional sampling perfection with application-optimised contrasts using a different flip angle evolutions sequence for routine imaging of the spine: preliminary experience

MR Imaging Findings in Brachial Plexopathy with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Rapid High Resolution MR Neurography with a Diffusion-weighted Pre-pulse

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About