High-Resistance Grounding

Bridger, B.

doi:10.1109/tia.1983.4504149

Cited by 74 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…reducing shock hazards, step and touch potentials, ground potential rise and arc blast or flash hazards to personnel, 2. preventing arcing as a source of ignition of flammable substances in electrically classified (hazardous) areas, 3. preventing damage to electrical system components insulation systems by controlling transient overvoltages, 4. limiting destructive fault energy levels to minimize thermal deterioration, burning and melting of components at pointof-fault locations, 5. limiting mechanical stresses (i 2 t) from fault currents on system components, 6. facilitating ground-fault detection and protective functions, 7. providing equipment grounding and low impedance ground-fault current return paths in close proximity of the phase conductors, 8. facilitating rapid determination of ground-fault location, 9. minimizing process interruptions due to ground-faults, 10. limiting excessive voltage levels associated with lightning or accidental contact with higher voltages, 11. reducing system line-voltage dip's and nuisance trips due to single-line-to-ground faults.…”

Section: B Specific Goals Of Groundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] Even for arcing ground-faults on resistance neutral grounded (HRNG and LRNG) systems, the maximum transient overvoltages line-to-ground are limited to 250% of rated line-to-neutral voltage or 2.5 x VLL/¥3 = 1.44 VLL. [10] However, it must be understood that any excursion of line-toground voltage over insulation rated values for extended periods will degrade an insulation system and shorten the serviceable life of the electrical system infrastructure. This is the reason HRNG, with indefinite ground-fault clearing times, should be judiciously applied to medium-voltage systems, only when system continuity is essential to protect equipment and personnel.…”

Section: Why Is the Protection Of Insulation Systems So Critical?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two unfaulted phase's insulation systems are stressed with overvoltages of 173% (bolted fault) and 250% (arcing fault) of the normal phase-to-ground voltage. [10] HRNG applications on medium-voltage systems should be contemplated only, where an orderly shutdown, as opposed to an immediate trip, is essential to protect equipment and personnel. Refer to NEC Table 310.13(E) note 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consequences of an unplanned shutdown must override the short term and long term damage to electrical system infrastructure due to prolonged operation in a ground-faulted condition. [10] The appreciation and understanding of the limitations of HRNG is predicated on knowledge of the principles and theory of system neutral grounding and the impact of system neutral grounding on the components of electrical systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying high resistance neutral grounding in medium voltage systems

Kingrey

Painter

Locker

2010

2010 Record of Conference Papers Industry Applications Society 57th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)

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The application of high-resistance neutral grounding (HRNG) to medium-voltage systems is one of the least understood and often misapplied methods of system neutral grounding. An HRNG grounded system is the only intentionally grounded neutral grounding method suitable for industrial systems that allows normal operation (no voltage dips, no power surges, no shutdowns, minimal damage) for an indefinite time period after the inception of the most common of all faults, the single-line-to-ground fault. The complexity of applying an HRNG system is due to lesser understood factors such as the relationship between system charging current, neutral grounding resistor let-thru current and point-of-fault ground-fault current; point-of-fault arcing voltage magnitudes; escalating arcing fault phenomena and point-of-fault energy levels, all of which are not easily determined nor easily estimated. This paper addresses the application of HRNG neutral grounding systems on mediumvoltage industrial AC power systems. The seemingly perfect HRNG grounding system, with ground-fault current magnitudes often limited to 10 A or less, has a limited window of application on medium-voltage systems, such that when misapplied may actually place the electrical system backbone components at risk, as well as, trip the system off line due to escalating arcing faults

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Section: B Specific Goals Of Groundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why Is the Protection Of Insulation Systems So Critical?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Applying high resistance neutral grounding in medium voltage systems

Kingrey

Painter

Locker

2010

2010 Record of Conference Papers Industry Applications Society 57th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference (PCIC)

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“…The device can satisfy the requirements of 1-2 voltage levels, [1][2][3][4] buses and 1-48 lines. The structure diagram is shown as fig.5.In the NUS and NES, under the 3KV voltage, some simulated experiments for the actual distribution network in the substation were done by changing the fault grounding impedance, the fault location and the line's length and so on.…”

Section: Design For the Fls Device And Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the novel comprehensive fault line selection method for the NUGS based on the fuzzy theory

Zhou

Jun-jia²,

Li³

et al. 2006

2006 International Conference on Power System Technology

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Because of line parameters, running types, fault grounding impedances and other factors, the veracity of current fault line selection(FLS) method is not high enough and may contain some dead areas for FLS device of non-utility grounding system(NUGS). To overcome this shortage, a novel FLS method is proposed in this paper based on analyzing the fault characters of distribution network, combining merits of prevalent FLS methods, constructing these methods' subjection functions and then synthesizing them based on the fuzzy theory. Experiments show this method can achieve high sensitivity, adjustability and veracity. The dynamic simulation experiment shows in the neutral un-grounding system(NUS), the method which is made of the zero sequence inactive power (ZSIP) method, the base-wave virtual value(BV) method and the basewave phase (BP) method of zero sequence current(ZSC) can achieve high accuracy; in the neutral resonant grounding system(NES), the method that combines zero sequence active power(ZSAP) method, 5-harmonic phase(HP) method and remaining current increment(RCI) method can even achieve 100% accuracy. Based on the PC104 industry control computer, a new FLS device of NUGS according to this new FLS shows very high accuracy in dynamic simulation experiments, and it should be widely used in China.Index Term fault line selection(FLS), non-utility grounding system(NUGS), dynamic simulation experiment, neutral ungrounding system(NUS), neutral resonant grounding system(NES)

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Grounding

Zipse¹

1999

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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The sections in this article are Installation Practices Personnel Safety Protection Equipment Grounding Types of Low‐Voltage Power System Grounding Electrical Properties of the Earth Connection to Earth—Grounding Electrode Systems Installation Recommendations and Practices Lightning Protection Grounding Static‐Protection Grounding Grounding of Computer Systems Generator Grounding Testing the Grounding and Bonding Systems

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High-Resistance Grounding

Cited by 74 publications

References 4 publications

Applying high resistance neutral grounding in medium voltage systems

Applying high resistance neutral grounding in medium voltage systems

Research on the novel comprehensive fault line selection method for the NUGS based on the fuzzy theory

Grounding

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