High resilience of the mycorrhizal community to prescribed seasonal burnings in eastern Mediterranean woodlands

Livne-Luzon, Stav; Shemesh, Hagai; Osem, Yagil; Carmel, Yohay; Migael, Hen; Avidan, Yael; Tsafrir, Anat; Glassman, Sydney I.; Bruns, Thomas D.; Ovadia, Ofer

doi:10.1007/s00572-020-01010-5

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Instead, these fungi may be activated by temperature thresholds reached during high‐severity fires, which are common in chaparral and some Pinaceae forests (Agee, 1993; Keeley & Zedler, 2009; Neary et al, 1999). Specifically, our burned communities were dominated by Ascomycota in the genera Pyronema , Penicillium , and Aspergillus , similar to dominant post‐fire fungal species in Mediterranean shrublands (Livne‐Luzon et al, 2021), boreal spruce (Whitman et al, 2019), and montane pine forests (Bruns et al, 2020; Pulido‐Chavez et al, 2021). Both Pyronema ( P. omphalodes ) and Aspergillus ( A. fumigatus ) are known pyrophilous fungi of California chaparral (Dunn et al, 1982), and we identified additional species, including P. domesticum , A. udagawae , and A. elsenburgensis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after chaparral wildfire

et al. 2023

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The rise in wildfire frequency and severity across the globe has increased interest in secondary succession. However, despite the role of soil microbial communities in controlling biogeochemical cycling and their role in the regeneration of post-fire vegetation, the lack of measurements immediately post-fire and at high temporal resolution has limited understanding of microbial secondary succession. To fill this knowledge gap, we sampled soils at 17, 25, 34, 67, 95, 131, 187, 286, and 376 days after a southern California wildfire in fire-adapted chaparral shrublands. We assessed bacterial and fungal biomass with qPCR of 16S and 18S and richness and composition with Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S and ITS2 amplicons. Fire severely reduced bacterial biomass by 47%, bacterial richness by 46%, fungal biomass by 86%, and fungal richness by 68%. The burned bacterial and fungal communities experienced rapid succession, with 5-6 compositional turnover periods. Analogous to plants, turnover was driven by "fire-loving" pyrophilous microbes, many of which have been previously found in forests worldwide and changed markedly in abundance over time. Fungal secondary succession was initiated by the Basidiomycete yeast Geminibasidium, which traded off against the filamentous Ascomycetes Pyronema, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. For bacteria, the Proteobacteria Massilia dominated all year, but the Firmicute Bacillus and Proteobacteria Noviherbaspirillum increased in abundance over time. Our highresolution temporal sampling allowed us to capture post-fire microbial secondary successional dynamics and suggest that putative tradeoffs in thermotolerance, colonization, and competition among dominant pyrophilous microbes control microbial succession with possible implications for ecosystem function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after chaparral wildfire

et al. 2023

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“…Instead, these fungi may be activated by temperature thresholds since this fire burned at high severity with ash depths up to 12cm, similar to fires in Pinaceae forests. Specifically, we found that our communities were dominated by Ascomycota in the genera Pyronema, Penicillium, and Aspergillus, which have been shown to dominate post-fire boreal spruce forests (Whitman et al, 2019), montane pine forests (Bruns et al, 2020), and Mediterranean ecosystems (Fujimura et al, 2005;Livne-Luzon et al, 2021;Whitman et al, 2019). Both Pyronema (P. omphalodes) and Aspergillus (A. fumigatus) are known as fireresponsive species in California chaparral (Dunn et al, 1982).…”

Section: Pyrophilous Fungi Dominate the Burned Communities And Drive Successionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Instead, these fungi may be activated by temperature thresholds reached during high severity fires, which are common in chaparral and some Pinaceae forests (Agee, 1993;Keeley & Zedler, 2009;Neary et al, 1999). Specifically, our burned communities were dominated by Ascomycota in the genera Pyronema, Penicillium, and Aspergillus, similar to dominant fungal species post-fire in Mediterranean shrublands (Livne-Luzon et al, 2021), boreal spruce (Whitman et al, 2019), and montane pine forests (Bruns et al, 2020;Fujimura et al, 2005;Pulido-Chavez et al, 2021). Both Pyronema (P. omphalodes) and Aspergillus (A. fumigatus) are known pyrophilous fungi of California chaparral (Dunn et al, 1982), and we identified additional species including P. domesticum, A. udagawae, and A. elsenburgensis.…”

Section: Pyrophilous Fungi Dominate the Burned Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after Chaparral wildfire

Pulido-Chavez

Randolph

Zalman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The rise in wildfire frequency in the western United States has increased interest in secondary succession. However, despite the role of soil microbial communities in plant regeneration and establishment, microbial secondary succession is poorly understood owing to a lack of measurements immediately post-fire and at high temporal resolution. To fill this knowledge gap, we collected soils at 2 and 3 weeks and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months after a chaparral wildfire in Southern California. We assessed bacterial and fungal biomass with qPCR of 16S and 18S and richness and composition with Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S and ITS2 amplicons. We found that fire severely reduced bacterial biomass by 47% and richness by 46%, but the impacts were stronger for fungi, with biomass decreasing by 86% and richness by 68%. These declines persisted for the entire post-fire year, but bacterial biomass and richness oscillated in response to precipitation, whereas fungal biomass and richness did not. Fungi and bacteria experienced rapid succession, with 5-6 compositional turnover periods. As with plants, fast-growing surviving microbes drove successional dynamics. For bacteria, succession was driven by the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with the Proteobacteria Massilia dominating all successional time points, and the Firmicutes (Domibacillus and Paenibacillus) dominating early- to mid-successional stages (1-4.5 months), while the Proteobacteria Noviherbaspirillum dominated late successional stages (4.5-1 year). For fungi, succession was driven by the phyla Ascomycota, but ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes, and the heat-resistant yeast, Geminibasidium were present in the early successional stages (1 month). However, pyrophilous filamentous Ascomycetes Pyronema, Penicillium, and Aspergillus, dominated all post-fire time points. While wildfires vastly decrease bacterial and fungal biomass and richness, similar to plants, pyrophilous bacteria and fungi increase in abundance and experience rapid succession and compositional turnover in the first post-fire year, with potential implications for post-fire chaparral regeneration

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“…Grassland soil and sand were used as potting material. The soil was collected in herbaceous Mediterranean grassland, lacking EM host plants - according to previous experiments (Livne◻Luzon et al ., 2017; Livne-Luzon et al ., 2021b) from a field near Tel-Hai College (N 35°34’47"E 58°33’14”). The potting material was mixed (50% sand, 50% grassland soil) using an electric cement mixer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of drought and inter-plant competition on the ectomycorrhizal interaction between fungi and Aleppo pine seedlings

Herol

Shemesh

Avidar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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An increase in tree mortality is currently evident in forests around the world. Such mortality could be counterbalanced by the native regeneration of seedlings. Seedling establishment under natural conditions is often limited by inter-plant competition and drought conditions. Many forest ecosystems rely on ectomycorrhizal relationships which could be affected by competition and drought, altering forest resilience. We carried out an experiment testing the combined effects of drought, herbaceous competition, and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) on the growth and shape of Aleppo pine seedlings and the EMF community composition. Pines that germinated in the presence of the EMF spores were taller, had greater biomass, and more side branches. However, under conditions of either competition or drought, the effect of EMF on seedling biomass and height was greatly reduced, while the effect on shoot branching was maintained. Under a combination of drought and competition, EMF had no influence on plant growth and shape. The EMF community was strongly dominated by Geopora species, and its structure was not affected by the treatments. Plants experiencing competition were nitrogen poor but presented the highest levels of EMF sequence abundance. Stressful conditions seem to alter the relationship between EMF and seedling growth. Specifically, under drought, both colonization and seedling response to EMF was small. However, under competition, colonization was maintained while no growth enhancement was evident. This discrepancy highlights the complexity of the benefits provided to seedlings by EMF under ecologically relevant conditions.

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High resilience of the mycorrhizal community to prescribed seasonal burnings in eastern Mediterranean woodlands

Cited by 11 publications

References 73 publications

Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after chaparral wildfire

Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after chaparral wildfire

Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after Chaparral wildfire

The effects of drought and inter-plant competition on the ectomycorrhizal interaction between fungi and Aleppo pine seedlings

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