High-repetition-rate laser ablation for elemental analysis in an inductively coupled plasma with acoustic wave normalization

Abstract

gle-column approach (29) and in a column-switching approach (30). ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe thank L. Bowers and P. Froehlich for helpful discussions and perspective, as well as C. Galgano and J. Newman for their assistance with the preparation of the manuscript.

Frequency domain and wavelet analysis of the laser-induced plasma shock waves

“…Moreover, the correlation between acoustic and optical emission signals provides alternative way of LIBS emission spectra normalization (internal standard) due to ablation fluctuations [7][8][9] and also for accounting matrix effects corrections [10]. The acoustical measurements were also well impaired with the laser-assisted, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (LA-ICP-AES) [11,12]. The results of these and other similar investigations are summarized in an extensive review by Zorov et al [13].…”

Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS): Comparison of Different Internal Standardization Methods Using Laser-induced Plasma (LIP) Emission and LA-ICP-MS Signals

“…Laser ablation (LA) coupled with ICP-AES (LA-ICP-AES) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] has become a popular method for the determination of trace elements in solid samples. There are numerous advantages of LA-ICP-AES/MS for direct solid sample analysis: for example, sample preparation is minimum, loss of volatile analytes is avoided, contamination from reagents is reduced and sample throughput is increased.…”

Continuous Wave Diode Laser Total Solid Sample Vaporization For Biological Sample Analysis—Lead in Bovine Liver

“…A variety of pulsed lasers have been used in laser ablation to do solid sampling. Some examples of the lasers that have been used include the carbon dioxide laser by Kurniawan et al (5), the Q-switched ruby laser by Kwong et al (6) and Richner et al (7), the nitrogen laser by Kagawa et al (8), the dye laser by Lewis et al (9), the argon fluoride laser by Sneddon and co-workers (10)(11)(12), the xenon chloride laser by Pang et al (13), and the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser by Sdorra et al (14) and Kuzuya et al (15). By use of these lasers, studies of the effects of laser intensities (10,16), laser wavelengths (14,17), and buffer gases (15)(16)(17) have been reported.…”

“…By use of these lasers, studies of the effects of laser intensities (10,16), laser wavelengths (14,17), and buffer gases (15)(16)(17) have been reported. Techniques such as averaging, reference normalization (7,13), and internal standardization (18) have been investigated by some of the authors to improve analytical precision.…”

“…Internal standardization (18) and reference normalization (7,13) have been used to compensate for laser pulseto-pulse variation, but in some cases internal standardization failed to provide good results (14). Continuous wave (CW) lasers in this sense may offer an alternative as ablation sources.…”