High Rates of Infection with Novel Enterovirus Variants in Wild Populations of Mandrills and Other Old World Monkey Species

Nguyen, Dung; Harvala, Heli; Ngole, Eitel Mpoudi; Delaporte, Eric; Woolhouse, Mark E. J.; Peeters, Martine; Simmonds, Peter

doi:10.1128/jvi.00088-14

Cited by 16 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Based on the VP1 sequences analysis, the other mandrill-derived EVs fell into the species EV-B . One sequence (GAB649) clustered with EV110, a virus previously identified in a chimpanzee and a mandrill [8, 19]. Since the VP1 sequences obtained showed 83.6% to 84.8% nucleotide identity with these EV110 isolates, GAB649 could be assigned to EV110.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Therefore, a surrogate stringent cut-off of 80% sequence identity was used to identify known EV types. Within the EV-J , mandrill-derived EVs clustered with simian variants already identified in mandrills from Cameroon [19]. According to the proposed type assignment of the species EV-J [19], only one virus (GAB691) grouped with one of the five proposed types, the type 3 DJ4140/09 (Fig 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Indeed, authors showed high rates of EV infection (95%) and suggested that was the consequence of the mandrills large population size, which could maintain viruses over long time periods through transmission between individuals [19]. The objective of the present study was to characterize the genetic diversity of EVs circulating in NHPs in Gabon and to identify the phylogenetic relationship of these EVs with human types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…nemestria (pigtail macaque) and Cercocebus atys (sooty mangabey) [12, 18] presenting diarrheal disease. More recently, studies performed in Cameroon described for the first time simian EV types in wild great apes of the species Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) and Gorilla gorilla gorilla (gorilla), and in an OWM of the species Mandrillus sphinx (mandrill) in Cameroon [8, 9, 19]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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African Non-Human Primates Host Diverse Enteroviruses

et al. 2017

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Enteroviruses (EVs) belong to the family Picornaviridae and are responsible for mild to severe diseases in mammals including humans and non-human primates (NHP). Simian EVs were first discovered in the 1950s in the Old World Monkeys and recently in wild chimpanzee, gorilla and mandrill in Cameroon. In the present study, we screened by PCR EVs in 600 fecal samples of wild apes and monkeys that were collected at four sites in Gabon. A total of 32 samples were positive for EVs (25 from mandrills, 7 from chimpanzees, none from gorillas). The phylogenetic analysis of VP1 and VP2 genes showed that EVs identified in chimpanzees were members of two human EV species, EV-A and EV-B, and those identified in mandrills were members of the human species EV-B and the simian species EV-J. The identification of two novel enterovirus types, EV-B112 in a chimpanzee and EV-B113 in a mandrill, suggests these NHPs could be potential sources of new EV types. The identification of EV-B107 and EV90 that were previously found in humans indicates cross-species transfers. Also the identification of chimpanzee-derived EV110 in a mandrill demonstrated a wide host range of this EV. Further research of EVs in NHPs would help understanding emergence of new types or variants, and evaluating the real risk of cross-species transmission for humans as well for NHPs populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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African Non-Human Primates Host Diverse Enteroviruses

et al. 2017

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“…Most enteroviruses from Old World monkey species have structural gene sequences that are similar to those of EV-A species infecting humans, whereas non-structural genes are closely similar to EV-B (Fig. 4 of Van Nguyen et al, 2014). Whole-genome comparisons create pairwise distances between simian and human EVs that span the 30 % divergence threshold currently used for EV species assignments (Knowles et al, 2010).…”

Section: Virus Genomes Do Not Have a Single Evolutionary Historymentioning

confidence: 98%

Methods for virus classification and the challenge of incorporating metagenomic sequence data

Simmonds¹

2015

Journal of General Virology

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The division of viruses into orders, families, genera and species provides a classification framework that seeks to organize and make sense of the diversity of viruses infecting animals, plants and bacteria. Classifications are based on similarities in genome structure and organization, the presence of homologous genes and sequence motifs and at lower levels such as species, host range, nucleotide and antigenic relatedness and epidemiology. Classification below the level of family must also be consistent with phylogeny and virus evolutionary histories. Recently developed methods such as PASC, DEMaRC and NVR offer alternative strategies for genus and species assignments that are based purely on degrees of divergence between genome sequences. They offer the possibility of automating classification of the vast number of novel virus sequences being generated by next-generation metagenomic sequencing. However, distance-based methods struggle to deal with the complex evolutionary history of virus genomes that are shuffled by recombination and reassortment, and where taxonomic lineages evolve at different rates. In biological terms, classifications based on sequence distances alone are also arbitrary whereas the current system of virus taxonomy is of utility precisely because it is primarily based upon phenotypic characteristics. However, a separate system is clearly needed by which virus variants that lack biological information might be incorporated into the ICTV classification even if based solely on sequence relationships to existing taxa. For these, simplified taxonomic proposals and naming conventions represent a practical way to expand the existing virus classification and catalogue our rapidly increasing knowledge of virus diversity.

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Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of human enteroviruses: Is there a forest behind the trees?

Lukashev

Vakulenko

Turbabina

et al. 2018

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Enteroviruses are among the best studied small non-enveloped enteric RNA viruses. Most enteroviruses are easy to isolate in cell culture, and many non-polio enterovirus strains were archived worldwide as a byproduct of the WHO poliovirus surveillance system. Common outbreaks and epidemics, most prominently the epidemic of hand-foot-and-mouth disease with severe neurological complications in East and South-East Asia, justify practical interest of non-polio enteroviruses. As a result, there are over 50 000 enterovirus nucleotide sequences available in GenBank. Technical possibilities have been also improving, as Bayesian phylogenetic methods with an integrated molecular clock were introduced a decade ago and provided unprecedented opportunities for phylogenetic analysis. As a result, hundreds of papers were published on the molecular epidemiology of enteroviruses. This review covers the modern methodology, structure, and biases of the sequence dataset available in GenBank. The relevance of the subtype classification, findings of co-circulation of multiple genetic variants, previously unappreciated complexity of viral populations, and global evolutionary patterns are addressed. The most relevant conclusions and prospects for further studies on outbreak emergence mechanisms are discussed.

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High Rates of Infection with Novel Enterovirus Variants in Wild Populations of Mandrills and Other Old World Monkey Species

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

African Non-Human Primates Host Diverse Enteroviruses

African Non-Human Primates Host Diverse Enteroviruses

Methods for virus classification and the challenge of incorporating metagenomic sequence data

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of human enteroviruses: Is there a forest behind the trees?

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