High Rates of Enteric Protozoal Infections in Selected Homosexual Men Attending a Venereal Disease Clinic

William, Daniel C.; Shookhoff, Howard B.; Felman, Yehudi M.; DeRamos, S W

doi:10.1097/00007435-197810000-00008

Cited by 69 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Epidemiological studies conducted in the developed countries showed homosexuals or MSM had significant higher risk of E. histolytica infection. Using microscopy for diagnosis, the prevalence varied from 20% to 32% among MSM without gastrointestinal symptoms [5], [7], [8], [23]–[27]. However, microscopy is not sensitive or specific enough for the detection of E. histolytica in clinical specimens, especially for the differentiation E. histolytica from E dispar and E moshkovskii in the epidemiological studies with a large sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homosexuals and history of anilingus had been demonstrated to be the risk factors of E. histolytica infection. In 1978, a study from the New York city reported that 20% of eighty nine sexually active homosexual men had amebiasis and the presence of infections associated with history of anilingus [5]. Another study from a venereal-disease-clinic population compared the prevalence of E. histolytica infections in homosexual men, bisexual men and heterosexual men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Men who have sex with men (MSM) population had already been found to be a high risk population with E. histolytica infection before 1990. Homosexuality and oral-anal sex have been most frequently reported as potential risk factors for E. Histolytica infection [5]–[13]. Accompanied by the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in MSM population, the prevalence of IA caused by E. histolytica are increasing and getting the attention as an important opportunistic parasitic infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of Entamoeba histolytica Infection among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men

Zhou

et al. 2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) were found to be one of the high-risk populations for Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) infection. Accompanied by the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among MSM, invasive amebiasis caused by E. histolytica has been paid attention to as an opportunistic parasitic infection. However, the status of E. histolytica infection among MSM has been barely studied in mainland China.MethodsSeroprevalance of E. histolytica was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a cross-sectional study conducted in Beijing and Tianjin, China. Factors potentially associated with E. histolytica infection were identified by logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 602 MSM were included in the study and the laboratory data on serostatus of E. histolytica were available for 599 of them (99.5%). 246 (41.1%) and 51 (8.5%) of the study participants were E. histolytica seropositive and HIV seropositive, respectively. Univariate analyses suggested preferred anal sex behaviors were associated with E. histolytica seropositivity. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, “only has receptive anal sex” (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.22 3.37), “majority receptive anal sex” (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.95), and “sadomasochistic behavior (SM)” (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.04, 5.13) were found to be significantly associated with E. histolytica infection.ConclusionsHigh seroprevalence of E. histolytica infection was observed among MSM from Beijing and Tianjin, China. Receptive anal sex behavior and SM were identified as potential predictors. Therefore, E. histolytica and HIV co-infection needs to be concerned among MSM due to their sharing the common risk behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of Entamoeba histolytica Infection among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men

Zhou

et al. 2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Rough estimates indicate that about 25% of gay men in large cities carry Entamoeba histolytica, while about 15% harbor Giardia lamblia. 3,20,54 Symptoms are outlined in Table 1. Amebiasis may be asymptomatic, cause diarrhea and abdominal discomfort, or produce a picture nearly indistinguishable from that of idiopathic ulcerative colitis, with abdominal pain, fever, bloody diarrhea, and tenesmus.I4 It is important to remember that Giardia resides in the duodenum and therefore will not produce a picture of proctitis.…”

Section: Parasitic Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Diseases of Homosexual Men

Baker

Peppercorn

1982

Pharmacotherapy

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Certain enteric ailments are particularly common among homosexual men. They are primarily infectious diseases and include not only such common venereal diseases as gonorrhea and syphilis but also infections not usually regarded as being sexually transmitted. Among the latter are shigellosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis, and amebiasis. Patients' symptoms are non-specific and seldom helpful in diagnosing particular diseases. The practitioner must be prepared to identify a number of infections with similar presentations that may occur singly or together in gay men. Gonorrhea is probably the most common bacterial infection in gay men. Carriage rates as high as 50% have been reported, and extra-genital carriage is common; this necessitates culturing the urethra, rectum, and pharynx. Procaine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients; spectinomycin is probably the drug of choice in penicillin-sensitive patients. In contrast to other venereal diseases, syphilis may have a characteristic protoscopic presentation. Benzathine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients. Lymphogranuloma venereum causes penile lesions and inguinal lymphadenitis in heterosexual men, whereas homosexual men are more prone to proctitis. The disease may mimic Crohn's disease. Recommended treatment includes tetracycline or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Shigellosis usually presents as an acute diarrheal illness. Patients generally require only supportive treatment with fluids. Herpes simplex viral infection is difficult to diagnose and has several different presentations, including lumbosacral radiculomyelopathy. Symptomatic treatment with sitz baths, anesthetic ointment, and analgesics is recommended. Venereal warts are believed to be caused by the same virus that causes verrucous warts; they are usually found in the anal canal or around the anal orifice. They are commonly treated with 25% podophyllin solution. Parasitic infections include giardiasis, amebiasis, and pinworm infections. Metronidazole may be used in the treatment of symptomatic giardiasis and amebiasis, but it is not approved for the former indication; quinacrine is approved for giardiasis. Pinworm infestation may be treated with pyrantel pamoate or mebendazole. Cure of enteric diseases in homosexual men must be documented.

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“…Yale's School of Organization and Management is offering an executive program in strategic and physical planning of Health Maintenance Organizations, to be held January [3][4][5][6][7][8]1982. HMO administrators, developers, physicians, government officials, architects, and senior health executives will use original case materials to examine complex problems in HMO:…”

Section: Yale To Offer Executive Program On Hmo Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men.

Handsfield¹

1981

Am J Public Health

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Recent studies have suggested that homosexual behavior in men is associated with significant personal and public health problems due to several sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Gay men appear to be at greater risk than heterosexual men or women for gonorrhea, syphilis, anorectal venereal warts, and perhaps for genital and anorectal herpes simplex virus infections,' as well as for several STDs outside the traditional sphere of venereology, including hepatitis A,2 hepatitis B,3 amebiasis,4 giardiasis4", shigellosis,6 enteritis due to Campylobacter fetus,7 genital and anorectal meningococcal infection,8 and cytomegalovirus infection.9 Most studies to date, however, have been conducted in STD clinics or at sites where persons congregate for anonymous sexual activity, such as steam baths, and the applicability of their findings to the homosexual male population at large is unknown.Darrow and his colleagues, in a study published in this issue of the Journal,'0 have attempted to address this problem by reporting the frequencies of several STDs relative to various risk factors in a large population of gay men in the general population. Critics will point out, and the authors acknowledge, that the results cannot be considered applicable to all homosexual men; the population sample included only 4,212 respondents (1.5 per cent) to 275,000 questionnaires published in a gay-oriented magazine or distributed through organizations relating to homosexual men. This study commands attention, however, because of the size of the population surveyed and because it was not conducted in an STD clinic. The fact that only 36 per cent of the respondents who had sought professional care for STDs had done so at public clinics supports the concept that this population sample is different, and presumably broader, than other populations of gay men studied to date.The results contain no surprises, except perhaps that a full 78 per cent of respondents had experienced at least one episode of the STDs surveyed; and 2,228 (60 per cent) of 3,6% who answered the question fully had experienced an STD aside from pediculosis.* Although individuals who had been infected might have been more likely than other gay men to participate in the survey, this probably was not a major determinant, since only four of the 692 questions directly referred to STDs or to medical issues. and traditional contact tracing is not productive in populations with large numbers of anonymous sexual contacts. The only viable control measure that is applicable here and now is the provision of technically skilled and personally satisfying health care services for homosexual men with these infections.Because 79 per cent of their survey respondents reported positive experiences at clinics run by and for gay men, compared with 61 per cent for public STD clinics, Darrow, et al, conclude that one way to improve care is for public health authorities to encourage the establishment of such gay clinics. However, the survey could not take into account the technical quality of care and di...

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High Rates of Enteric Protozoal Infections in Selected Homosexual Men Attending a Venereal Disease Clinic

Cited by 69 publications

References 4 publications

Seroprevalence of Entamoeba histolytica Infection among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men

Seroprevalence of Entamoeba histolytica Infection among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men

Enteric Diseases of Homosexual Men

Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men.

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