High-rate reactive magnetron sputtering of zirconia films for laser optics applications

Juškevičius, Kęstutis; Audronis, M.; Subacius, Andrius; Drazdys, Ramutis; Juškėnas, Remigijus; Matthews, A.; Leyland, A.

doi:10.1007/s00339-013-8214-1

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Figure 3a shows the wavelength dependence of the refractive index values of the fabricated CZ sample at different temperatures of 25 • C, 50 • C, 75 • C and 100 • C. The measured refractive indices at the wavelengths of 447.0 nm, 532.0 nm, 632.8 nm and 785.0 nm are 2.214, 2.1876, 2.1686 and 2.1484 on average at room temperature, respectively, which shows the same trend in dispersion as that in the literature [50,51]. It was also observed that the refractive index of the CZ sample gradually increased as the temperature increases (positive dn/dT), which is attributed to the shift in the absorption edge (bandgap) of the material with increasing temperature [50].…”

Section: Dispersion and Temperture Coefficient Of The Refractive Inde...supporting

confidence: 79%

Characterization of Cubic Zirconia as a Lens Material Suitable for Autonomous Driving

Lee¹,

Chung

Shin³

et al. 2022

Photonics

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As the development of autonomous driving technology is now in full swing, the demand for miniaturized optical modules mounted on various sensors has increased. Particularly, the optical lens used for such autonomous driving must demonstrate stable performance and durability despite rapid changes in the external environment. In this regard, cubic zirconia (CZ) can be used as an optical lens due to its high refractive index, which is above 2.1 in visible and near-infrared wavelengths, along with its chemical and mechanical durability. Thus, in this paper, we investigated the temperature-dependent physical properties of CZ fabricated by the skull melting method. The temperature coefficient of the refractive index (dn/dT) of the fabricated CZ plate in the temperature range of 25–100 °C decreased from 9.76 × 10−5/K to 7.00 × 10−5/K as the wavelength increased from 447.0 nm to 785.0 nm. The estimated Abbe number decreased from 33.98 at 25 °C to 33.12 at 100 °C, while the measured coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was 9.91 × 10−6/K, which revealed that the dn/dT value of the CZ plate was more affected by the dispersion than by the CTE. In addition, the CZ samples with a high refractive index, coated with a dielectric multilayer showed a high average transmittance of 98.2% at the investigated wavelengths, making it suitable for miniaturization or wide-angle optical lens modules. To secure the durability required for automobile lenses, the variation in the surface profile of the CZ before and after the external impact was also analyzed, revealing much better performance than TAF glass. Therefore, the observed results demonstrate that the CZ material is suitable for use as an optical lens for autonomous vehicles.

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Section: Dispersion and Temperture Coefficient Of The Refractive Inde...supporting

confidence: 79%

Characterization of Cubic Zirconia as a Lens Material Suitable for Autonomous Driving

Lee¹,

Chung

Shin³

et al. 2022

Photonics

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“…The ambient pressure phases of zirconia are monoclinic baddeleyite (M; P2 1 /c), which is stable up to 1205 °C for unstabilized zirconia, three tetragonal (T/T’/T”) phases (P4 2 /nmc) of which the tetragonal phase t is stable from 1205 °C to 2377 °C, and the cubic (C) fluorite structure (Fm

m) which is stable from 2377 °C to the melting point [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In addition, there are also two orthorhombic (O/O’; Pbca & Pnam) high-pressure phases [ 14 , 16 ] and a rhombohedral/trigonal (R) phase (R

), which may occur under mechanical stress and may be induced by hipping regimes [ 12 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Manufacturing Regimes on the Phase Transformation of Dental Zirconia

et al. 2021

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Background: The influence of typical manufacturing regimes for producing fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) from yttria partly-stabilized zirconia polycrystals (3Y/4Y/5Y-TZP) on the phase composition is quantified. Methods: Fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) were designed using a CAD process and machined from different Y-TZP blanks from two manufacturers differing in yttria contents. Subsequent to sintering, the FDPs were glaze fired and air-blasted using alumina particles. Phase composition was determined with X-ray diffraction and quantified with Rietveld refinement. Results: The blanks from VITA Zahnfabrik (VITA YZ HT, VITA YZ ST, VITA YZ XT) and Dental Direct (DD Bio ZX2, DD cube ONE, DD cube X2) featured a rhombohedral portion with rather small crystallites and a small monoclinic portion for 3Y/4Y-TZPs, which increased after machining and disappeared after sintering. Glaze firing and air-blasting with alumina particles had no significant influence on the phase composition. Conclusion: The phase history of dental zirconia is revealed, which may have implications on further processing and aging of the FDP (e.g., low temperature degradation) in mouth.

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“…Thin films of metal oxide doped zirconia have been prepared by laser ablation [21], RF sputtering [22,23] and sol-gel [24] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe3O4 stabilized zirconia: structural, mechanical and optical properties

Bashir

Riaz

Naseem

2014

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Zirconia (ZrO 2 ) is one of the most well studied transition-metal oxides in the optical and biological fields. The applications area of ZrO 2 can be increased by addition of metal oxides. Aim of this study is to determine the effect of acidic and basic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles' (NPs) doping in sol-gel synthesized ZrO 2 . Different samples are prepared by varying Fe 3 O 4 concentrations, acidic and basic, in the range of 2-10 wt%. Sols of Fe 3 O 4 doped ZrO 2 (FOZ) are spin coated onto glass substrates at 3000 rpm for 30 s. FOZ films are annealed at 300°C for 1 h. It is worth mentioning that Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (acidic and basic) are used for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to stabilize zirconia using sol-gel technique. Moreover, completely homogenous FOZ sol is obtained using water as a solvent. X-ray diffraction results confirm the formation of phase pure tetragonal ZrO 2 (t-ZrO 2 ) along with less intense peak of Fe 3 O 4 at 8-10 wt% of basic dopant. Optical spectra reveal that energy band gap lies in the range of 4.8 to 5.0 eV whereas, high value of transmission up to 80 % has been observed in case of basic dopant. Refractive indices vary with the variation in crystal structure and density of the films. Redshift is observed in Fe 3 O 4 doped zirconia. Hardness of the samples is in the range of 310 to 962 HV.

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High-rate reactive magnetron sputtering of zirconia films for laser optics applications

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

Characterization of Cubic Zirconia as a Lens Material Suitable for Autonomous Driving

Characterization of Cubic Zirconia as a Lens Material Suitable for Autonomous Driving

Influence of Manufacturing Regimes on the Phase Transformation of Dental Zirconia

Fe3O4 stabilized zirconia: structural, mechanical and optical properties

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