High rate performance activated carbons prepared from ginkgo shells for electrochemical supercapacitors

Hierarchically porous carbon by activation of shiitake mushroom for capacitive energy storage

“…Both PAC-500 and PAC-800 electrode exhibit the same capacitance value of 196 F g −1 . However, a significantly enhanced capacitance of 306 F g −1 was achieved for KPAC-800 electrode, which is much higher than those of the counterparts by carbonizing other biomasses [28,44,45]. Moreover, upon increasing the current density to 30 A g − 1 , specific capacitance of 240, 148 and 116 F g −1 were still retained for KPAC-800, PAC-800 and PAC-500 electrode (Fig.…”

“…2. Given that the activation process is achieved through a chemical reaction between KOH and carbon atoms: 6KOH + C → 2K + 3H 2 + 2K 2 CO 3 [28,39,40], etching of carbon atoms with KOH is usually accompanied with partial structure collapse. Such process leads to a decreased pore volume to 1.76 cm 3 g −1 ( Table 1).…”

“…Most recently, crab shell consisting of highly mineralized chitin-protein fibers was also utilized as biotemplate to prepare hollow carbon nanofibers arrays for potential application in Li-ion battery and supercapacitors [24,25]. In addition, plant biomass including typha orientalis [14], banana peels [26], celtuce leaves [27] and ginkgo shells [28] have also been utilized as starting materials to prepare various carbon products.…”

Biomass-derived renewable carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage

“…Various biomass precursors, such as cherry stone [95], fish scale [96], waste paper [97], water bamboo [98], flour [67], yeast cells [99], fallen leaves [100], pine-cone [101], pig bone [65], willow catkins [102], celtuce leaves [103], waste tea-leaves [104], sunflower seed shell [105], ginkgo shells [106], cow dung [107], silk [108], human hair [109] and sewage sludge [110], have been chemically converted into ACs for supercapacitors. For example, a honeycomblike carbon foam has been successfully derived from natural flour via KOH activation, which exhibited a large specific surface area of 1313 m 2 g −1 and a high specific capacitance of 473 F g −1 (Figure 6(a,b)).…”

A New Approach towards Improving the Specific Energy and Specific Power of a Carbon-Based Supercapacitor using Platinum-Nanoparticles on Etched Stainless Steel Current Collector

“…Similar kind of variation in the CV patterns with increasing scan rate have also been discussed elsewhere. [48][49][50] The specific capacitance values of the cells were calculated at a scan rate of 1 mV s ¹1 from the CV curves in Fig. 9 using equation:…”