High Q-factor near infrared and visible Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based parallel-plate capacitor kinetic inductance detectors

Beldi, Samir; Boussaha, Faouzi; Hu, Jie; Monfardini, A.; Traini, Alessandro; Lévy-Bertrand, F.; Chaumont, Christine; Gonzales, Manuel A.; Firminy, Josiane; Reix, Florent; Rosticher, Michaël; Mignot, Shan; Piat, M.; Bonifacio, P.

doi:10.1364/oe.27.013319

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…8 The TLS noise can be mitigated through careful sample preparation, 9 fabrication, 10,11 and device design 12-14 while the effect of amplifier noise can be addressed by designing detectors that can handle higher signal powers. 15,16 These routes are actively pursued, but, for optical MKIDs, improving the main readout amplifier's noise floor offers an additional path to lowering the total system noise.Quantum mechanics imposes an uncertainty relationship between the two quadratures of an electromagnetic signal. 17 This relationship results in a lower limit to the noise that a high gain, phase-preserving, linear amplifier adds to its input signal, equal to that of the electromagnetic zero-point fluctuations (A = 1 /2).…”

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Wide-band parametric amplifier readout and resolution of optical microwave kinetic inductance detectors

Zobrist

Eom

Day

et al. 2019

Applied Physics Letters

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The energy resolution of a single photon counting Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID) can be degraded by noise coming from the primary low temperature amplifier in the detector's readout system. Until recently, quantum limited amplifiers have been incompatible with these detectors due to dynamic range, power, and bandwidth constraints. However, we show that a kinetic inductance based traveling wave parametric amplifier can be used for this application and reaches the quantum limit. The total system noise for this readout scheme was equal to ∼2.1 in units of quanta. For incident photons in the 800 to 1300 nm range, the amplifier increased the average resolving power of the detector from ∼6.7 to 9.3 at which point the resolution becomes limited by noise on the pulse height of the signal. Noise measurements suggest that a resolving power of up to 25 is possible if redesigned detectors can remove this additional noise source.Optical MKIDs 1 are superconducting, single photon counting, energy resolving sensors which are sensitive to radiation in the ultraviolet to near infrared range. Advantages over semiconductor detectors in this wavelength band include the absence of false counts (read noise, dark current, and cosmic rays), intrinsic spectral resolution, high speed, and radiation hardness. Other superconducting detectors have shown promise at these wavelengths, 2,3 but they are difficult to chain together into large arrays. Optical MKIDs, however, are naturally frequency domain multiplexed, which has enabled full-scale instruments at the Palomar observatory 4,5 and Subaru telescope. 6 In the future, these detectors will be included in a balloon borne mission. 7 Photon counting MKIDs operate differently than MKIDs designed for longer wavelength detection in the bolometric regime. Instead of measuring a constant flux of photons, they record individual photon events similarly to an X-ray calorimeter. To achieve a measurable detector response for a single photon event they tend to be smaller and able to handle less signal power than their longer wavelength bolometric counterparts. In these conditions, amplifier noise can be comparable in magnitude to the detector phase noise that originates from microscopic two-level system (TLS) states on the surface or between layers of the device. 8 The TLS noise can be mitigated through careful sample preparation, 9 fabrication, 10,11 and device design 12-14 while the effect of amplifier noise can be addressed by designing detectors that can handle higher signal powers. 15,16 These routes are actively pursued, but, for optical MKIDs, improving the main readout amplifier's noise floor offers an additional path to lowering the total system noise.Quantum mechanics imposes an uncertainty relationship between the two quadratures of an electromagnetic signal. 17 This relationship results in a lower limit to the noise that a high gain, phase-preserving, linear amplifier adds to its input signal, equal to that of the electromagnetic zero-point fluctuations (A = 1 /2). To readout a...

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Wide-band parametric amplifier readout and resolution of optical microwave kinetic inductance detectors

Zobrist

Eom

Day

et al. 2019

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Nevertheless, the angular correlated color temperature achieved from this method is in poor quality and the "yellow ring" phenomenon that is disadvantageous to the light performance of WLED also occurs [7][8][9]. Researchers proposed various methods as solutions to these problems, for example, conformal-phosphor structure [10], adjusting the surface phosphor layer [11], lens design [12], and optimizing the structure of a WLED package [13,14]. Though the enhancement in CCT homogeneity of these approaches was confirmed, their production confronts many difficulties, and they are also expensive to use in mass production.…”

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Investigation on the application of ZnO nanostructures to improve the optical performance of white light-emitting diodes

2021

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Though combining blue LED chips with yellow phosphor has been the most common method in white light-emitting diode (WLED) production, the attained angular correlated color temperature (CCT) uniformity is still poor. Thus, this article proposes to add ZnO nanostructures to WLED packages to promote the color uniformity of the WLEDs. The outcomes of the research demonstrate that utilizing ZnO at different amount can affect the scattering energy and the CCT deviations in WLEDs packages in different extents. Particularly, adding the node-like (N-ZnO), sheet-like (S-ZnO), and rod-like (R-ZnO) leads to the corresponding decreases of CCT deviations from 3455.49 K to 96.30 K, 40.03 K, and 60.09 K, respectively. Meanwhile, with 0.25% N-ZnO, 0.75% S-ZnO, and 0.25% R-ZnO, WLED devices can achieve both better CCT homogeneity and lower reduction in luminous flux. The results of this article can be a valuable document for the manufacturer to use as reference in improving their WLED products.

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“…Moreover, the yellow YAG:Ce 3+ phosphor should be blended with the silicone glue so that it could create a mixture that emits yellow light and absorbs blue light emitted from blue chips, and then generates white light. Before white lights are generated, the lights need to go through two processes: first, disintegrating in phosphorus compounds, and second, transmitting through phosphorus particles [5][6][7][8]. During this process, the yellow YAG:Ce 3+ phosphor particles will absorb the blue-light energy and weaken it.…”

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Enhancement of luminous flux and color quality of white light-emitting diodes by using green (Y,Gd)BO3:Tb3+ phosphor

2021

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In the study, we analyzed and clarified the effect of green (Y,Gd)BO3:Tb 3+ phosphor on chromatic homogeneity and optical performance of multi-chip white LEDs (MCW-LED). Thereby there is a solution to get the best luminous efficiency. In addition, (Y,Gd)BO3:Tb 3+ is known as one of the factors that has a significant impact on lighting performance, so it needs to add the (Y,Gd)BO3:Tb 3+ phosphor in the structure of LEDs to combine with the yellow phosphor YAG:Ce 3+ to receive the best results. Therefore, the concentration and size of (Y,Gd)BO3:Tb 3+ should be choose carefully so that the presentation of MCW-LEDs would be more incredible. The results show that when the concentration of green-emitting (Y,Gd)BO3:Tb 3+ phosphor tends to increase, it also helps the color homogeneity and the lumen efficiency of MCW-LEDs with the average correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5600 K-8500 K become better.

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High Q-factor near infrared and visible Al₂O₃-based parallel-plate capacitor kinetic inductance detectors

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Wide-band parametric amplifier readout and resolution of optical microwave kinetic inductance detectors

Wide-band parametric amplifier readout and resolution of optical microwave kinetic inductance detectors

Investigation on the application of ZnO nanostructures to improve the optical performance of white light-emitting diodes

Enhancement of luminous flux and color quality of white light-emitting diodes by using green (Y,Gd)BO3:Tb3+ phosphor

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High Q-factor near infrared and visible Al2O3-based parallel-plate capacitor kinetic inductance detectors

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Wide-band parametric amplifier readout and resolution of optical microwave kinetic inductance detectors

Wide-band parametric amplifier readout and resolution of optical microwave kinetic inductance detectors

Investigation on the application of ZnO nanostructures to improve the optical performance of white light-emitting diodes

Enhancement of luminous flux and color quality of white light-emitting diodes by using green (Y,Gd)BO3:Tb3+ phosphor

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High Q-factor near infrared and visible Al₂O₃-based parallel-plate capacitor kinetic inductance detectors