High-protein, reduced-carbohydrate weight-loss diets promote metabolite profiles likely to be detrimental to colonic health

Russell, Wendy; Gratz, Silvia; Duncan, Sylvia H.; Holtrop, Grietje; Ince, Jennifer; Scobbie, Lorraine; Duncan, Garry; Johnstone, Alexandra M.; Lobley, G. E.; Wallace, Robert John; Duthie, Garry G.; Flint, Harry J.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.002188

Cited by 618 publications

(511 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This may corroborate (i) the higher protein to carbohydrate ratio in the HF vs CARB diet (ca. 1:1 vs 1:3), and (ii) increased production of branched-chain fatty acids from the amino acid leucine, isoleucine and valine reported by others after HF feeding in humans or protein fermentation in vitro (MacFarlane et al, 1992;Russell et al, 2011). The occurrence of only two of seven enzymes involved in the metabolism of the aforementioned branched-chain amino acids was higher in the HF metaproteome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The occurrence of only two of seven enzymes involved in the metabolism of the aforementioned branched-chain amino acids was higher in the HF metaproteome. Of note, in contrast to the suggested increase in the production of short-chain fatty acids linked to higher prevalence of specific members of the Firmicutes (for example, Erysipelotrichaceae) in diet-induced obesity (Turnbaugh et al, 2008), evidence from human intervention studies clearly indicates decreased short-chain fatty acids, in particular butyrate, yet increased branchedchain fatty acids concentrations after HF feeding (Brinkworth et al, 2009;Russell et al, 2011). Thus, the notion of increased capacity of the microbiome for energy harvest in the context of diet-induced obesity should be taken with caution, although results may depend on diet composition (for example, content of simple sugars or proteins) and duration of feeding as well as the host phenotype (lean or obese).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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High-fat diet alters gut microbiota physiology in mice

Daniel¹,

Gholami²,

Berry³

et al. 2013

The ISME Journal

564

386

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The intestinal microbiota is known to regulate host energy homeostasis and can be influenced by highcalorie diets. However, changes affecting the ecosystem at the functional level are still not well characterized. We measured shifts in cecal bacterial communities in mice fed a carbohydrate or high-fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks at the level of the following: (i) diversity and taxa distribution by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing; (ii) bulk and single-cell chemical composition by Fourier-transform infrared-(FT-IR) and Raman micro-spectroscopy and (iii) metaproteome and metabolome via highresolution mass spectrometry. High-fat diet caused shifts in the diversity of dominant gut bacteria and altered the proportion of Ruminococcaceae (decrease) and Rikenellaceae (increase). FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that the impact of the diet on cecal chemical fingerprints is greater than the impact of microbiota composition. Diet-driven changes in biochemical fingerprints of members of the Bacteroidales and Lachnospiraceae were also observed at the level of single cells, indicating that there were distinct differences in cellular composition of dominant phylotypes under different diets. Metaproteome and metabolome analyses based on the occurrence of 1760 bacterial proteins and 86 annotated metabolites revealed distinct HF diet-specific profiles. Alteration of hormonal and anti-microbial networks, bile acid and bilirubin metabolism and shifts towards amino acid and simple sugars metabolism were observed. We conclude that a HF diet markedly affects the gut bacterial ecosystem at the functional level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

High-fat diet alters gut microbiota physiology in mice

Daniel¹,

Gholami²,

Berry³

et al. 2013

The ISME Journal

564

386

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These benefits include a reduction in the formation of hazardous metabolites that are produced as a result of proteolytic activity [64]. Moreover, beneficial metabolites with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities, such as phenolic compounds and SCFAs, are produced by gut bacteria from their fermentations [47,65].…”

Section: Important Dietary Components For the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the gut microbiota by prebiotic fibres and bacteriocins

Umu

Rudi

Diep

2017

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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The gut microbiota is considered an organ that co-develops with the host throughout its life. The composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota are subject to a complex interplay between the host genetics and environmental factors, such as lifestyle, diet, stress and antimicrobials. It is evident that certain prebiotics, and antimicrobials produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can shape the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolic activities to promote host health and/or prevent diseases. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the impact of prebiotic fibres, and bacteriocins from LAB, on the gut microbiota and its activities, which affect the physiology and health of the host. These represent two different mechanisms in modulating the gut microbiota, the first involving exploitative competition by which the growth of beneficial bacteria is promoted and the latter involving interference competition by which the growth of pathogens and other unwanted bacteria is prevented. For interference competition in the gut, bacteriocins offer special advantages over traditional antibiotics, in that they can be designed to act towards specific unwanted bacteria and other pathogens, without any remarkable collateral effects on beneficial microbes sharing the same niche.

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“…Changes in some selected bacterial groups have been observed due to controlled changes to the normal diet e.g. high-protein diet (118,119) , prebiotics (97,(120)(121)(122) , probiotics (123)(124)(125) , weight-loss diet (20,126,127) and berries (128) . More specifically, changes in the type and quantity of non-digestible carbohydrates in the human diet influence both the metabolic products formed in the lower regions of the GI tract and levels of bacterial populations detected in faeces (129) .…”

Section: Dietary Interventions V Habitual Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human gut microbiota: does diet matter?

2014

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The human oro-gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system, consisting of oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus, which all together with the accessory digestive organs constitute the digestive system. The function of the digestive system is to break down dietary constituents into small molecules and then absorb these for subsequent distribution throughout the body. Besides digestion and carbohydrate metabolism, the indigenous microbiota has an important influence on host physiological, nutritional and immunological processes, and commensal bacteria are able to modulate the expression of host genes that regulate diverse and fundamental physiological functions. The main external factors that can affect the composition of the microbial community in generally healthy adults include major dietary changes and antibiotic therapy. Changes in some selected bacterial groups have been observed due to controlled changes to the normal diet e.g. high-protein diet, high-fat diet, prebiotics, probiotics and polyphenols. More specifically, changes in the type and quantity of non-digestible carbohydrates in the human diet influence both the metabolic products formed in the lower regions of the GI tract and the bacterial populations detected in faeces. The interactions between dietary factors, gut microbiota and host metabolism are increasingly demonstrated to be important for maintaining homeostasis and health. Therefore the aim of this review is to summarise the effect of diet, and especially dietary interventions, on the human gut microbiota. Furthermore, the most important confounding factors (methodologies used and intrinsic human factors) in relation to gut microbiota analyses are elucidated.

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High-protein, reduced-carbohydrate weight-loss diets promote metabolite profiles likely to be detrimental to colonic health

Cited by 618 publications

References 40 publications

High-fat diet alters gut microbiota physiology in mice

High-fat diet alters gut microbiota physiology in mice

Modulation of the gut microbiota by prebiotic fibres and bacteriocins

Human gut microbiota: does diet matter?

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