High-Protein Diet Induces Hyperuricemia in a New Animal Model for Studying Human Gout

Abstract

Hyperuricemia is a central risk factor for gout and increases the risk for other chronic diseases, including cardiometabolic disease, kidney disease, and hypertension. Overproduction of urate is one of the main reasons for hyperuricemia, and dietary factors including seafoods, meats, and drinking are contributed to the development of it. However, the lack of a suitable animal model for urate metabolism is one of the main reasons for the delay and limitations of hyperuricemia research. Combining evolutionary biological studies and clinical studies, we conclude that chicken is a preferred animal model for hyperuricemia. Thus, we provided chickens a high-protein diet (HPD) to evaluate the changes in the serum urate levels in chickens. In our study, the HPD increased the serum urate level and maintained it at a long-term high level in chickens. Long-term high serum urate levels induced an abnormal chicken claw morphology and the precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) in joint synovial fluid. In addition, a long-term HPD also decreased the glomerular filtration rate and induced mild renal injury. Most importantly, allopurinol and probenecid displayed the positive effects in decreasing serum urate and then attenuated hyperuricemia in chicken model. These findings provide a novel model for hyperuricemia and a new opportunity to further investigate the effects of long-term hyperuricemia on other metabolic diseases.

Where Epigenetics Meets Food Intake: Their Interaction in the Development/Severity of Gout and Therapeutic Perspectives

“…Indeed, high protein diet-induced gout in chicken has recently been described in a recent report (29). While this regimen also induced serum urate levels, another study in human's suffering hypertension (30) provided contradictory insights by showing lower serum urate levels in patients (mean BMI 30.2) which received a protein-rich diet for 6 weeks.…”

Modulation of Urate Transport by Drugs

“…Gout, one of the most frequent diseases caused by hyperuricemia, can also be categorized accordingly [ 9 ]. Overproduction of urate is one of the main underlying causes of hyperuricemia, while dietary factors such as consumption of protein-rich food may also contribute to the elevation of SU [ 10 ].…”

Persistent Purine Metabolic Abnormality Induces the Aggravation of Visceral Inflammation and Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis in Magang Goose

“…Gosling gout involves multiple mechanisms such as increased uric acid synthesis and decreased metabolism caused by abnormal purine metabolism and astrovirus infection ( 3 , 4 ). There are two types of gout in poultry: one is articular gout and the other is visceral gout ( 5 , 6 ). Articular gout mainly leads to the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) microcrystals in and around joints, due to the disruption of purine metabolism and a reduction in uric acid excretion ( 7 , 8 ).…”