High proportion of norovirus infection and predominance of GII.3 [P12] genotype among the children younger than 5 in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

John, Jecelyn Leaslie; Mori, Daisuke; Amit, Lia Natasha; Mosiun, Andau Konodan; Chin, Abraham Zefong; Ahmed, Kawsar

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104968

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…4 NoV genotypes in our study, was similar to reports from other previous studies in Ethiopia [12,26,27]. In addition, the predominance of GII.3 was also reported in previous studies from Tunisia, Malaysia, and Bhutan [30][31][32]. Norovirus GII.3 was also reported as the second-predominant genotype after GII.4 in studies in China and lower-and middle-income countries [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic diversity and distribution of noroviruses among all age groups of patients with diarrhea in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

Tegegne,

Gelaw,

Alemayehu

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and the impact is high in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Moreover, there is a significant and fluctuating global genetic diversity that varies across diverse environments over time. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of data on the genetic diversity of NoV in Ethiopia. Objective This study was aimed to assess the genetic diversity and distribution of NoVs circulating in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia, by considering all age groups. Methods A total of 519 fecal samples were collected from diarrheal patients from May 01/2021 to November 30/ 2021. The fecal samples were screened for the presence of NoVs using real-time RT-PCR by targeting a portion of the major capsid protein coding region. The positive samples were further amplified using conventional RT-PCR, and sequenced. Results The positivity rate of NoV was (8.9%; 46/519). The detection rate of NoV genogroup II (GII) and genogroup I (GI) was 38 (82.6%) and 8 (17.4%), respectively. Overall, five distinct GII (GII.3, GII.6, GII.10, GII.17, and GII.21) and two GI (GI.3 and GI.5) genotypes were detected. Within the GII types, GII.3 was the predominant (34.2%) followed by GII.21 (15.8%), GII.17 (10.5%), GII.6 and GII.10 each (2.6%). Norovirus GII.21 is reported for the first time in Ethiopia. The genetic diversity and distribution of NoVs were significantly different across the four sampling sits and age groups. The phylogenetic analysis revealed close relatedness of the current strains with published strains from Ethiopia and elsewhere. Conclusion The distribution and genetic diversity of NoV was considerably high, with predominance of non-GII.4 genotypes. The GII.21 genotype is a new add on the growing evidences on the genetic diversity of NoVs in Ethiopia. Future nationwide surveillance studies are necessary to gain comprehensive data in Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic diversity and distribution of noroviruses among all age groups of patients with diarrhea in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

Tegegne,

Gelaw,

Alemayehu

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Studies used in this literature review came from five different regions, each from Sweden, Malaysia, China, Indonesia, and Italy. As shown in Table 1, the population used in the study involved health workers in hospitals in one study 16 , pediatric patients aged under five years with acute gastroenteritis in three studies [17][18][19] , children were suffering from severe gastroenteritis in private and government hospitals in Surabaya, East Java in one study 20 , acute gastroenteritis patients in southeast China in one study. 21 The intervention used in six references is rectal samples detected for norovirus by specific RT-PCR 16 , RT-PCR assay with amplification of region C 17 , RT-PCR assay with norovirus nucleic acid kit using Applied Biosystems 7500 18 , RT-PCR assay with QIAamp Viral RNA kit 19 , Taqman test based on conventional RT-PCR using the Applied Biosystems 7300 system 20 , Multiplex RT-PCR assay with Applied Biosystems 7500 using AgPath-ID One step kit.…”

Section: The Study Characteristics Of Molecular Norovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest prevalence of the NoV strain was GII.3[P12], followed by GII.6[P7] and GII.17[P17] in Sabah, Malaysia, from 2018 to 2019. 17 Norovirus of strains GII.17 and GII.2, is one of the most prevalent causes of viral gastroenteritis in children under five in China. 18 Children under two years of age tend to be more susceptible to norovirus infection.…”

Section: The Study Characteristics Of Molecular Norovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Norovirus Molecular Analysis and Development of Norovirus Vaccine

Elizafanti

Lusida²,

Miftahussurur³

et al. 2022

IJTID

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The most common organism of acute viral gastroenteritis is norovirus, which accounts for roughly 20% of all occurrences of acute gastroenteritis globally. The virus kills over 200,000 children each year and is the leading cause of childhood diarrhea in the rotavirus-vaccinated population. This study aims to review available studies regarding the information on the genogroup norovirus in humans, development of norovirus vaccines, and eﬀectiveness of norovirus vaccines. A systematic review using Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus databases to identify eligible case studies. The search was conducted in September-October 2021. The quality of the included literature used checklists from the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). All of the six selected studies with populations given RT-PCR intervention showed positive for norovirus infection. The most predominant genogroups in humans are GI and GII. As for the research results of the two selected studies on norovirus vaccine, namely the human phase 2 trial containing two Virus-Like Particles (VLP) genotypes, one study showed eﬃcacy at 18-49 one study at ≥ 60 years of age. This study analysis uses Takeda bivalent vaccine. The vaccine includes norovirus antigens of the GI and GII genogroups, intending to expand its protective immune potential. GI, GII, and GIV genogroups are prevalent in humans. VLP that contains GI.I and consensus GII.4c have been created as the NoV vaccine, providing signiﬁ cant eﬃcacy. Very likely because they contain GI dan GII antigens, which are the genogroups that infect humans the most. Patients given a placebo developed acute gastroenteritis due to norovirus GII.2, indicating a genotype cross-reactivity.

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“…Of these, NoV GII.4 Sydney [P16] and GII.4 Sydney [P31] are the most predominant in many countries 9 . At the same time, an increase of other recombinant NoV such as GII.2[P16] and GII.3[P12] as the predominant type has been demonstrated in Malaysia and Germany 10,11 . In addition, the emergence of NoV nonrecombinant strain GII.17[P17] has also been reported during 2013–2015 in Japan and USA 12,13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3[P12] as the predominant type has been demonstrated in Malaysia and Germany. 10,11 In addition, the emergence of NoV nonrecombinant strain GII.17[P17] has also been reported during 2013-2015 in Japan and USA. 12,13 SaV is divided into 19 genogroups (GI to GXIX) based on amino acid sequences of the VP1 region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of recombinant norovirus GII.12[P16] and predominance of GII.3[P12] strains in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2019–2020

Phengma

Khamrin

Jampanil

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) are important pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups, commonly in children worldwide. Recently, a number of studies have reported a wide variety of NoV recombinant strains. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of NoV and SaV recombinant strains circulating in Chiang Mai, Thailand, during 2019–2020. One hundred and twenty‐four NoV and seven SaV strains detected in children admitted to the hospital with AGE were included in this study. The partial RNA‐dependent RNA‐polymerase (RdRp)/VP1 regions of these NoV and SaV strains were analyzed by phylogenetic analysis, Simplot, and RDP software. Overall, eight recombination patterns of NoV were detected. NoV GII.4[P16] was the most common strain detected (39.1%), followed by GII.3[P12] (25.0%), GII.4[P31] (17.2%), and other recombinant strains were detected at a lower rate. NoV GII.12[P16] strains were detected for the first time in Thailand. For SaV, none of the recombinant strains was detected. All SaV strains, GI.1/GI.1, GI.2/GI.2, and GII.5/GII.5, exhibited VP1 genotype corresponded to RdRp genotype. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the distribution and diversity of NoV and SaV recombinant strains circulating in pediatric patients with AGE in Chiang Mai, during 2019–2020 with the emergence of NoV GII.3[P12] and GII.12[P16].

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High proportion of norovirus infection and predominance of GII.3 [P12] genotype among the children younger than 5 in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Genetic diversity and distribution of noroviruses among all age groups of patients with diarrhea in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

Genetic diversity and distribution of noroviruses among all age groups of patients with diarrhea in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

Human Norovirus Molecular Analysis and Development of Norovirus Vaccine

The emergence of recombinant norovirus GII.12[P16] and predominance of GII.3[P12] strains in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2019–2020

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