High productivity methanol carbonylation catalysis using iridium

Selective Carbonylation of Dimethyl Ether to Methyl Acetate Catalyzed by Acidic Zeolites

“…He ( % 3.34 cm 3 s À1 g À1 , UHP; Praxair) was used to introduce DME (99.5 %, Praxair) pulses (1.07 cm 3 ) at 120-s intervals. Samples were then flushed with He ( % 3.34 cm 3 s À1 g À1 ) for 1.5-2 h to remove physisorbed DME and any water formed.…”

“…[1][2][3] Zeolites [4][5][6][7][8][9] and Keggin polyoxometallate clusters [10][11][12][13] also catalyze the carbonylation of alcohols and ethers (Koch reaction) to form carboxylic acids and esters. Surface alkyl groups, formed by alcohol dissociation, alkene protonation, or alkane deprotonation at acidic sites react with CO to form acylium ions, which then form carboxylic acids and esters, as in the reactions of isobutane on sulfated zirconia [14] and tert-butyl alcohol [5,7,8] on acidic ZSM5, MOR, BEA, and Y-zeolites to form pivalic acid.…”

Activity enhancement of ZSM-35 in dimethyl ether carbonylation reaction through alkaline modifications

“…[1][2][3] The traditional synthesis route is based on a methanol carbonylation process utilizing noble metal rhodium (the BP Monsanto process) or iridium (Cativa) homogeneous catalysts. [3][4][5][6] Heterogeneous catalysts, alternatively, have received considerable interest due to their virtue of eliminating corrosive halide promoters, and the possibility of continuous plug-flow processing and simple product separation. 7,8 Recently, Iglesia and co-workers reported a new series of acid zeolite systems for the formation of methyl acetate through catalytic carbonylation of dimethyl ether (DME) which provided a promising non-halide and noble metal-free route to produce acetic acid.…”

Carbodeoxygenation of Biomass: The Carbonylation of Glycerol and Higher Polyols to Monocarboxylic Acids

“…3 equivalents of DI would be required to convert ethylene glycol (19) to iodoethane (26). In accordance with the conditions employed for the reactions with triacetin, twice the amount of DI needed was employed (6 equiv.).…”