High-priority research directions in genetics and the breeding of the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in the 21st century

Kornienko, A. V.; Podvigina, O. A.; Zhuzhzhalova, T. P.; Fedulova, T. P.; Bogomolov, M. A.; Oshevnev, V. P.; Буторина, А. К.

doi:10.1134/s1022795414110064

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This plant is cultivated on two million hectares worldwide. Among the unexplored elements in the breeding of this plant is the epigenetic changes that occur during in vitro propagation (Kornienko et al 2014). Its genome was sequenced in 2014, opening the opportunity for breeding and management of different epigenetic aspects associated with development of this economically important crop (Dohm et al 2014).…”

Section: Sugar Beetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Embryogenesis: Fundamental Aspects and Applications

Ochoa-Alejo¹,

Loyola‐Vargas²

2016

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Section: Sugar Beetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Embryogenesis: Fundamental Aspects and Applications

Ochoa-Alejo¹,

Loyola‐Vargas²

2016

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“…Selection of individual plants from strains of interest differing in pollen recognition by the stigma and pollination ability turned out to be a promising technique as well. This selection has made it possible to produce strain material with prevalent traits of the female or male parent to increase the effectiveness of close (intrastrain) crosses (Kornienko et al, 2014).…”

Section: Self-and Cross-incompatibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphogenetic peculiarities of reproductive biology in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding

et al. 2023

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This review considers the processes of morphogenesis used in the development of propagation methods and the creation of a new starting material for sugar beet. It has been demonstrated that methods of particulation, in vitro microcloning and cell breeding that reflect non-sexual forms of plant reproduction increase the effectiveness of breeding experiments. The review describes the in vitro culture methods maintaing a tendency in plants for vegetative propagation and stimulating increase in genetic variability of properties when mutagens such as ethyl methanesulfonate, alien genetic structures with mf2 and mf3 bacterial genes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, and selective agents (Сd++ ions and abscisic acid) are incorporated into plant cells. It presents the results of using fluorescent microscopy, cytophotometry, biochemical analysis and determining the level of phytohormones and content of nucleic acids in nuclei for forecasting the seed setting ability. It has demonstrated that long self-pollination of plants causes decrease in fertility of pollen grains, resulting in the sterilization of male gametes and the appearance of pistillody flowers. Self-fertile plants isolated from these lines serve as sterility fixers, while the apomixis elements increased the ovule number, additional embryo sacs and embryos. A role of apomixis in contributing to variability in the ontoand phylogenetic development of plants have been substantiated. The review reflects the morphological features of the in vitro development of sexual and somatic cells in embryos during the formation of seedlings based on floral and vegetative embryoidogeny. Use of the SNP and SSR (Unigenes) molecular-genetic markers having a high polymorphism level has appeared effective to characterize the developed breeding material and hybrid components when carrying out crossings. The study of sugar beet starting materials for the presence of TRs mini-satellite loci making it possible to reveal O-type plants-pollinators (sterility fixing agent) and MS-form plants are of interest for breeding as well. The selected material can be widely used in breeding to produce hybrids, allowing for a 2–3-fold reduction of the development period. The review also discusses the prospects for the development and implementation of new methods and original schemes in sugar beet genetics, biotechnology and breeding.

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Section: Self-and Cross-incompatibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of NAM-1 genes on the protein content in grain and productivity indices in common wheat lines with foreign genetic material introgressions in the conditions of Belarus

et al. 2023

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Modern varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bred mainly for high productivity are often of low grain quality. The identification of NAM-1 alleles associated with high grain protein content in wheat relatives has enhanced the significance of distant hybridization for the nutritional value of T. aestivum L. grain. In this work we aimed to study the allelic polymorphism of the NAM-A1 and NAM-B1 genes in wheat introgression lines and their parental forms and evaluate the effects of various NAM-1 variants on the grain protein content and productivity traits in the field conditions of Belarus. We studied parental varieties of spring common wheat, the accessions of tetraploid and hexaploid species of the genus Triticum and 22 introgression lines obtained using them (2017–2021 vegetation periods). Full-length NAM-A1 nucleotide sequences of T. dicoccoides k-5199, T. dicoccum k-45926, T. kiharae, and T. spelta k-1731 accessions were established and registered with the international molecular database GenBank. Six combinations of NAM-A1/B1 alleles were identified in the accessions studied and their frequency of occurrence varied from 40 to 3 %. The cumulative contribution of NAM-A1 and NAM-B1 genes to the variability of economically important wheat traits ranged from 8–10 % (grain weight per plant and thousand kernel weight) to up to 72 % (grain protein content). For most of the traits studied, the proportion of variability determined by weather conditions was small (1.57–18.48 %). It was shown that, regardless of weather conditions, the presence of a functional NAM-B1 allele ensures a high level of grain protein content; at the same time, it does not significantly decrease thousand kernel weight. The genotypes combining the NAM-A1d haplotype and a functional NAM-B1 allele demonstrated high levels of productivity and grain protein content. The results obtained demonstrate the effective introgression of a functional NAM-В1 allele of related species increasing the nutritional value of common wheat.

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High-priority research directions in genetics and the breeding of the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in the 21st century

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Somatic Embryogenesis: Fundamental Aspects and Applications

Somatic Embryogenesis: Fundamental Aspects and Applications

Morphogenetic peculiarities of reproductive biology in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding

Effect of NAM-1 genes on the protein content in grain and productivity indices in common wheat lines with foreign genetic material introgressions in the conditions of Belarus

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