High Prevalence of Undiagnosed Eye Diseases in Individuals with Dementia

Wong, Mark Yu Zheng; Chen, Christopher; Ong, Yi-Ting; Hilal, Saima; Ikram, M. Kamran; Neelam, Kumari; Yip, Chee Chew; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Yap, Philip; Seow, Dennis; Wong, Tien Yin; Cheung, Carol Y.

doi:10.1111/jgs.13228

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Moderate to severe loss of contrast sensitivity (Mars test) (< 1.48 log CS [3.3% contrast]). Wong, 2015 [ 46 ] Singapore Cross-sectional > 60 Not described Recruited from 3 tertiary hospitals. Consecutive recruitment from July 2009 to December 2012.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of visual impairment in older people living with dementia and its impact: a scoping review

et al. 2023

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Background and objectives Visual impairment (VI) and dementia both increase with age, and it is likely that many older people are living with both conditions. This scoping review aims to investigate the prevalence and types of VI among older people living with dementia, and the impact of VI on older people living with dementia and their caregivers. Methods This scoping review used Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. Studies in any setting involving people living with dementia and some assessment of either VI, eye diseases causing VI or the impact of VI were included. Results Thirty-six studies were included. Thirty-one studies reported the prevalence of VI in older people living with dementia, while ten studies reported on impacts of VI on people living with dementia. Only one study reported on impacts on caregivers. The prevalence of VI or specific eye diseases among older people living with dementia ranged from 0.2 to 74%. The impacts of VI on older people living with dementia included increased use of hospital services, increased disability and dependency, reduced social engagement, negative emotions, increased abnormal behaviours, loss of hobbies, difficulty in using visual aids or memory aids, and greater Neuropsychiatric Inventory symptoms. And the impacts on caregivers included increased conflict and physical exhaustion. Conclusion VI is common in older people living with dementia and is associated with negative impacts on those with dementia and their caregivers. However, heterogeneity between studies in terms of setting and method for assessing and defining VI make it difficult to compare findings among studies. Further research is needed, particularly assessing the impact on caregivers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of visual impairment in older people living with dementia and its impact: a scoping review

et al. 2023

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“…Apart from the higher prevalence of diabetes as pointed out earlier, individuals with AD may be less likely to attend annual DR screening program since they might be more reliant on caregivers to attend primary eyecare appointments and less likely to notice or report visual symptoms. Previous research reported that a high proportion of individuals with dementia are living with undiagnosed age-related eye diseases (Wong et al, 2015 ). A persistent lack of referral of moderate DR or worse can lead to worsening of retinopathy, visual impairment, or blindness, whereas timely delivery of sight-saving treatments can decrease the risk of blindness (Ting et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Eye Diseases in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

Chua

Zhang

Wong

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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IntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related eye diseases pose an increasing burden as the world's population ages. However, there is limited understanding on the association of AD/cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) with age-related eye diseases.MethodsIn this cross-sectional, memory clinic-based study of multiethnic Asians aged 50 and above, participants were diagnosed as AD (n = 216), cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) (n = 252), and no cognitive impairment (NCI) (n = 124) according to internationally accepted criteria. Retinal photographs were graded for the presence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) using standard grading systems. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between neurological diagnosis and odds of having eye diseases.ResultsOver half of the adults had at least one eye disease, with AMD being the most common (60.1%; n = 356), followed by DR (8.4%; n = 50). After controlling for age, sex, race, educational level, and marital status, persons with AD were more likely to have moderate DR or worse (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.15–7.60) compared with NCI. In the fully adjusted model, the neurological diagnosis was not associated with AMD (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.45–1.24).ConclusionPatients with AD have an increased odds of having moderate DR or worse, which suggests that these vulnerable individuals may benefit from specific social support and screening for eye diseases.

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“…Similar to VI, the best estimate of cataract prevalence is that of 59% (95%CI 55.2-62.7%) reported by Bowen et al 14 which measured cataract with an eye exam by an optometrist in a representative sample of people with dementia living in the community or nursing homes. Surprisingly only two studies reported on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among older people with dementia 14,39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Visual Impairment in Older People with Dementia and Its Impact: A Scoping Review

Zhang

Roberts

Poulos³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background and objectivesVisual impairment and dementia both increase with age, and it is likely that many older people will suffer from both conditions. This scoping review aims to investigate the prevalence and types of visual impairment among older people with dementia, and the impact of visual impairment on older people with dementia and their carers. MethodsThis scoping review used Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. Studies in any setting involving people with dementia and some assessment of either visual impairment, eye diseases causing visual impairment or the impact of visual impairment were included.Results Thirty-one studies investigating the prevalence of visual impairment among older people with dementia were included with estimates ranging from 19.7% to 51.6%. Only ten studies reported on impacts of visual impairment on older people with dementia, including increased use of hospital services, increased disability and dependency, reduced social engagement, negative emotions, increased abnormal behaviours, loss of hobbies, difficulty in using visual aids or memory aids, and greater Neuropsychiatric Inventory symptoms. Only one study reported on impacts on carers and found increased conflict and physical exhaustion.Conclusion Visual impairment is common in older people with dementia and is associated with negative impacts on those with dementia and their carers. However, heterogeneity between studies in terms of setting and method for assessing VI make it difficult to compare findings between studies and further research is needed, particularly assessing the impact on carers.

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High Prevalence of Undiagnosed Eye Diseases in Individuals with Dementia

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Prevalence of visual impairment in older people living with dementia and its impact: a scoping review

Prevalence of visual impairment in older people living with dementia and its impact: a scoping review

Age-Related Eye Diseases in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

Prevalence of Visual Impairment in Older People with Dementia and Its Impact: A Scoping Review

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