High prevalence of species D human adenoviruses in fecal specimens from Urban Kenyan children with diarrhea

Magwalivha, Mpho; Wolfaardt, Marianne; Kiulia, Nicholas M.; Zyl, Walda B. van; Mwenda, Jason M.; Taylor, Maureen B.

doi:10.1002/jmv.21673

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Verma et al (49) on May 11, 2018 by guest http://jcm.asm.org/ adenovirus serotypes (7.7%) associated with acute gastroenteritis in infants and children in western India, but the strains were not further characterized. The prevalence of species D human adenoviruses was found to be high in Kenyan children with diarrhea (26). In this study, PCR-based sequence analysis of genomic DNA of adenoviruses confirmed that serotype 41 is more prevalent (68%), followed by serotype 40 (32%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Circulation of a Novel Pattern of Infections by Enteric Adenovirus Serotype 41 among Children below 5 Years of Age in Kolkata, India

et al. 2011

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Circulation of a Novel Pattern of Infections by Enteric Adenovirus Serotype 41 among Children below 5 Years of Age in Kolkata, India

et al. 2011

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“…Various sampling strategies and detection methods limited the feasibility of direct comparison of our cross-sectional study to other studies (Additional file 1: Table S1) [22,23,25-35]. Study participants were within limited age groups, showed specific symptoms and/or different life styles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence it has been proposed that recombination might play a greater role in HAdV-D evolution than base substitution [6]. Since HIV/AIDS as well as gastroenteritis are common diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa and PCR-based and sequence-confirmed studies on the prevalence of HAdV-D in Sub-Saharan Africa are scarce [22,23], we analyzed the occurrence of HAdV-D in people from four Sub-Saharan countries; the Côte d’Ivoire (CI), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the Central African Republic (CAR), and Uganda (UG). We assessed possible connections between HAdV-D shedding and clinical symptoms or demographic data, and in addition, we partially characterized the molecular isolates by comparison of minimum genetic distances within the pV-hexon gene block.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence and diversity of species D adenoviruses (HAdV-D) in human populations of four Sub-Saharan countries

Pauly

Hoppe

Mugisha

et al. 2014

Virol J

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BackgroundHuman adenoviruses of species D (HAdV-D) can be associated with acute respiratory illness, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis, but subclinical HAdV-D infections with prolonged shedding have also been observed, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. To expand knowledge on HAdV-D in Sub-Saharan Africa, we investigated the prevalence, epidemiology and pathogenic potential of HAdV-D in humans from rural areas of 4 Sub-Saharan countries, Côte d’Ivoire (CI), Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Central African Republic (CAR) and Uganda (UG).MethodsStool samples were collected from 287 people living in rural regions in CI, DRC, CAR and UG. HAdV-D prevalence and diversity were determined by PCR and sequencing. A gene block, spanning the genes pV to hexon, was used for analysis of genetic distance. Correlation between adenovirus infection and disease symptoms, prevalence differences, and the effect of age and gender on infection status were analyzed with cross tables and logistic regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of HAdV-D in the investigated sites was estimated to be 66% in CI, 48% in DRC, 28% in CAR (adults only) and 65% in UG (adults only). Younger individuals were more frequently infected than adults; there was no difference in HAdV-D occurrence between genders. No correlation could be found between HAdV-D infection and clinical symptoms. Highly diverse HAdV-D sequences were identified, among which a number are likely to stand for novel types.ConclusionsHAdV-D was detected with a high prevalence in study populations of 4 Sub-Saharan countries. The genetic diversity of the virus was high and further investigations are needed to pinpoint pathological potential of each of the viruses. High diversity may also favor the emergence of recombinants with altered tropism and pathogenic properties.

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“…Several studies in sub-Saharan Africa report a high prevalence of adenovirus in pediatric stool samples and the detection of adenoviruses in various types of environmental samples. 76–78 These viruses are relatively persistent in various environmental media, and infections may occur year-round. 79 Adenoviruses 40 and 41 may be used as markers of human fecal contamination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Fecal Exposure Pathways in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana: Rationale, Design, Methods, and Key Findings of the SaniPath Study

Robb

Null

Teunis

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

104

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Abstract.Rapid urbanization has contributed to an urban sanitation crisis in low-income countries. Residents in low-income, urban neighborhoods often have poor sanitation infrastructure and services and may experience frequent exposure to fecal contamination through a range of pathways. There are little data to prioritize strategies to decrease exposure to fecal contamination in these complex and highly contaminated environments, and public health priorities are rarely considered when planning urban sanitation investments. The SaniPath Study addresses this need by characterizing pathways of exposure to fecal contamination. Over a 16 month period, an in-depth, interdisciplinary exposure assessment was conducted in both public and private domains of four neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. Microbiological analyses of environmental samples and behavioral data collection techniques were used to quantify fecal contamination in the environment and characterize the behaviors of adults and children associated with exposure to fecal contamination. Environmental samples (n = 1,855) were collected and analyzed for fecal indicators and enteric pathogens. A household survey with 800 respondents and over 500 hours of structured observation of young children were conducted. Approximately 25% of environmental samples were collected in conjunction with structured observations (n = 441 samples). The results of the study highlight widespread and often high levels of fecal contamination in both public and private domains and the food supply. The dominant fecal exposure pathway for young children in the household was through consumption of uncooked produce. The SaniPath Study provides critical information on exposure to fecal contamination in low-income, urban environments and ultimately can inform investments and policies to reduce these public health risks.

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High prevalence of species D human adenoviruses in fecal specimens from Urban Kenyan children with diarrhea

Cited by 38 publications

References 43 publications

Circulation of a Novel Pattern of Infections by Enteric Adenovirus Serotype 41 among Children below 5 Years of Age in Kolkata, India

Circulation of a Novel Pattern of Infections by Enteric Adenovirus Serotype 41 among Children below 5 Years of Age in Kolkata, India

High prevalence and diversity of species D adenoviruses (HAdV-D) in human populations of four Sub-Saharan countries

Assessment of Fecal Exposure Pathways in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana: Rationale, Design, Methods, and Key Findings of the SaniPath Study

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