High Prevalence of Rotavirus A in Raw Sewage Samples from Northeast Spain

Silva‐Sales, Marcelle; Martínez-Puchol, Sandra; Gonzales-Gustavson, Eloy; Hundesa, Ayalkibet; Gironés, Rosina

doi:10.3390/v12030318

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…All samples were positive for our internal control, bacteriophage MS2, although with variable efficiency (33.3 % ± 15.6). Such a variation has been described before (Petterson et al, 2015;Silva-Sales et al, 2020), probably due to the complexity and variability of sewage samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

The fate of SARS-CoV-2 in WWTPs points out the sludge line as a suitable spot for monitoring

Balboa

Mauricio‐Iglesias

Rodriguez

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 genetic material is detectable in the faeces of a considerable part of COVID-19 cases and hence, in the urban wastewater. This fact was confirmed early during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and prompted several studies that proposed monitoring its incidence by wastewater. This paper studies the fate of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in wastewater treatment plants using RT-qPCR with a two-fold goal: i) to check the safety of the water effluent and also of the sludge produced and ii) based on the understanding of the virus particles fate, to identify the most suitable spots for detecting the incidence of COVID-19 and monitor its evolution. On the grounds of the affinity of enveloped virus towards biosolids, we hypothesized that the sludge line acts as a concentrator of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material. Sampling several spots in primary, secondary and sludge treatment at the Ourense (Spain) WWTP showed that, in effect, most of SARS-CoV-2 particles cannot be detected in the water effluent as they are retained by the sludge line. We identified the sludge thickener as a suitable spot for detecting SARS-CoV-2 particles thanks to its higher solids concentration (more virus particles) and longer residence time (less sensitive to dilution caused by precipitation). Although more studies will be needed for confirmation, these results contribute to clarify the role of WWTPs in COVID-19 mitigation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

The fate of SARS-CoV-2 in WWTPs points out the sludge line as a suitable spot for monitoring

Balboa

Mauricio‐Iglesias

Rodriguez

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A total of 40 samples from Rajasthan and 14 samples from Uttarakhand collected between May 4 and August 14 (2020) were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Some variations in Ct values are probably due to the complexity and variability of the sewage samples and has been described before [29,30]. The interpretation of results in Table 3 (from different sites, as described in Table 1) was based on categorizing a sample as positive when the cycle threshold took place below cycle 40, for either two of the three genes such as RNA-dependent polymerase (RdRP), nucleocapsid (N) SARS-CoV-2 specific genes and gene E, characteristic of pan-Sarbeco viruses detection, as per manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Detection Of Sars-cov-2 Rna In Untreated Wastewater Samplesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Imprints of Lockdown and Treatment Processes on the Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Curious Case of Fourteen Plants in Northern India

Arora¹,

Nag²,

Rajpal

et al. 2021

Water

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The present study investigated the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes at each treatment stage of 14 aerobic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving the major municipalities in two states of Rajasthan and Uttarakhand in Northern India. The untreated, primary, secondary and tertiary treated wastewater samples were collected over a time frame ranging from under-lockdown to post-lockdown conditions. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 13 out of 40 wastewater samples in Jaipur district, Rajasthan and in 5 out of 14 wastewater samples in the Haridwar District, Uttarakhand with the E gene predominantly observed as compared to the N and RdRp target genes in later time-points of sampling. The Ct values of genes present in wastewater samples were correlated with the incidence of patient and community cases of COVID-19. This study further indicates that the viral RNA could be detected after the primary treatment but was not present in secondary or tertiary treated samples. This study implies that aerobic biological wastewater treatment systems such as moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) are effective in virus removal from the wastewater. This work might present a new indication that there is little to no risk in relation to SARS-CoV-2 while reusing the treated wastewater for non-potable applications. In contrast, untreated wastewater might present a potential route of viral transmission through WWTPs to sanitation workers and the public. However, there is a need to investigate the survival and infection rates of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.

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“…A study conducted between 2015 and 2016 revealed the presence of RVA in high viral loads in sewage samples from Barcelona. The authors also found no evidence of RVA vaccine-related strains in the sewage samples [ 74 ]. These results suggest that RVA is widespread in the community, since the population excretes RVA and the children still require healthcare assistance due to gastroenteritis associated with RVA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling Viruses Associated with Gastroenteritis Using a Metagenomics Approach

Fernández-Cassi

Martínez-Puchol

Silva‐Sales

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Acute infectious gastroenteritis is an important illness worldwide, especially on children, with viruses accounting for approximately 70% of the acute cases. A high number of these cases have an unknown etiological agent and the rise of next generation sequencing technologies has opened new opportunities for viral pathogen detection and discovery. Viral metagenomics in routine clinical settings has the potential to identify unexpected or novel variants of viral pathogens that cause gastroenteritis. In this study, 124 samples from acute gastroenteritis patients from 2012–2014 previously tested negative for common gastroenteritis pathogens were pooled by age and analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) to elucidate unidentified viral infections. The most abundant sequences detected potentially associated to acute gastroenteritis were from Astroviridae and Caliciviridae families, with the detection of norovirus GIV and sapoviruses. Lower number of contigs associated to rotaviruses were detected. As expected, other viruses that may be associated to gastroenteritis but also produce persistent infections in the gut were identified including several Picornaviridae members (EV, parechoviruses, cardioviruses) and adenoviruses. According to the sequencing data, astroviruses, sapoviruses and NoV GIV should be added to the list of viral pathogens screened in routine clinical analysis.

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High Prevalence of Rotavirus A in Raw Sewage Samples from Northeast Spain

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

The fate of SARS-CoV-2 in WWTPs points out the sludge line as a suitable spot for monitoring

The fate of SARS-CoV-2 in WWTPs points out the sludge line as a suitable spot for monitoring

Imprints of Lockdown and Treatment Processes on the Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Curious Case of Fourteen Plants in Northern India

Unveiling Viruses Associated with Gastroenteritis Using a Metagenomics Approach

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