High prevalence of reduced bone mineral density in primary HIV-1-infected men

Abstract

Reduced BMD was prevalent in PHI men and was associated with increased age, lower BMI and TSH levels, and higher levels of HIV-1 viremia.

Bone, fracture and frailty

“…There are no studies comparing BMD in men before and after acquisition of HIV infection. One study of BMD in 33 men (mean age 38 years) experiencing a seroconversion illness to HIV revealed 45% had osteopenia and 6% osteoporosis, similar to rates reported in chronic HIV infection [25 ]. The median time between the first HIV-positive test and Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was 32 days [interquartile range (IQR) 21-45 days].…”

An increased risk of osteoporosis in a HIV-infected patient in the era of HAART. Case report analysis

“…Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with HIV infection may also contribute directly to accelerated bone loss [13,14]. Subjects with lower baseline CD4 cell count, higher levels of HIV-1 viremia and longer HIV infection demonstrated a higher risk for decrease in BMD [15][16][17][18]. A direct affect of HIV increasing the osteoclast activity by influencing gp120 [19] has been discovered.…”

Osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected patients: Genetic and classical factors compared to the HIV-associated ones – Review

“…Since the beginning of HIV pandemics increased prevalence of osteopenia and/or osteoporosis among infected individuals has been observed [2,5,8]. Prior to the antiretroviral treatment era, observations of this phenomenon had been performed on small groups of survivors, with osteoporosis diagnosed in a low percentage of patients, mainly young men.…”

“…• Adverse effects of the antiretrovirals, which are usually administered for the entire lifespan of the patient. • One of the key adverse effects of the antiretroviral treatment is osteopenia and/or osteoporosis, not only observed in postmenopausal women but also in young men on antiretroviral therapy [1,2]. Increased risk of bone fractures is an important consequence of this process [3].…”