High prevalence of quasi-legal psychoactive substance use among male patients in HIV care in Japan: a cross-sectional study

Hayashi, Kanna; Wakabayashi, Chihiro; Ikushima, Yuzuru; Tarui, Masayoshi

doi:10.1186/s13011-017-0097-2

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Although sometimes described as a sex drug on the internet, academic literature does not seem to describe sexual effects of the drug. However, multiple studies in Asia have linked use of 5‐MeO‐DIPT to increased risk for HIV diagnosis, likely due to risky sexual behavior involving the drug (Hayashi, Wakabayashi, Ikushima, & Tarui, ; Kuwahara et al, ; Shan et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

Palamar

Acosta

2020

Human Psychopharmacology

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Objective: The number of novel psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines has continued to increase, but little academic research has focused on the effects of these substances. We sought to determine and compare the subjective effects of various substances. Methods:We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 adults (75.4% male and 87.2% White) who reported experience using psychedelic phenethylamines and/or tryptamines. Participants described the effects of compounds they have used. We examined the subjective drug effects in a qualitative descriptive manner.Results: Participants reported on the use of 36 compounds. The majority (64.1%) reported the use of 2C series drugs, with 2C-B use being most prevalent; 38.5% reported the use of NBOMe, and 25.6% reported the use of DOx. With regard to tryptamines, 46.2% reported use, and 4-AcO-DMT was the most prevalent drug used in this class. 2C-B was often described as being more favorable than other 2C series compounds with the effects described as being comparable with MDMA and LSD. NBOMe effects were generally described in an unfavorable manner, and the effects of DOx were often described as lasting too long (12-36 hr). The effects of 4-AcO-DMT were often described as mimicking psilocybin.Conclusion: Knowing the effects of various compounds can inform education, prevention, and harm reduction efforts regarding the use of these drugs. K E Y W O R D Sdrug effects, new psychoactive substances, phenethylamines, psychedelics, tryptamines

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

Palamar

Acosta

2020

Human Psychopharmacology

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“…In fact, desired effects reported by users of synthetic cathinones include increased energy, empathy, openness, and libido . This practice is widely documented as part of chemsex, where men have sex with men in a context of drug injection (slam) or use . In that situation, the use of drugs is thought to be consensual from the 2 partners to enhance sexual stamina and libido.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 This practice is widely documented as part of chemsex, where men have sex with men in a context of drug injection (slam) or use. 5,6,19 In that situation, the use of drugs is thought to be consensual from the 2 partners to enhance sexual stamina and libido. However, cathinone use for sexual assault has rarely been documented.…”

Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their effects include several psychedelic effects like a sense of wellbeing a profound insight and introspection, and increased appreciation of music and sociability . Their use as psychostimulants and entactogens has widely been reported in sexual contexts, especially in men who have sex with men (MSM) in order to increase sexual performance and libido . However, these drugs have rarely been encountered in drug facilitated crime (DFC) including DFSA .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Their use as psychostimulants and entactogens has widely been reported in sexual contexts, especially in men who have sex with men (MSM) in order to increase sexual performance and libido. 5,6 However, these drugs have rarely been encountered in drug facilitated crime (DFC) including DFSA. 7,8 This could be related to the fact that these substances do not induce anterograde memory loss, a desired symptom for a sexual assault.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Drug‐facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) involving 4‐methylethcathinone (4‐MEC), 3,4‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and doxylamine highlighted by hair analysis

Larabi

Martin

Etting

et al. 2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Recently, the emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has led to their wide use among clubbers and men who have sex with men (MSM) for their stimulant effects. However, their use in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) has rarely been described. Herein we report a case of a 44-year-old man who was assaulted after a party. Due to late reporting of the offense, only hair (black) was sampled 15 days later and a segmental analysis was achieved to look for most DFSA agents and NPS. Twenty mg of each segment (A: 0-1 cm, B: 1-3 cm, and C: 3-5 cm) were incubated in phosphate buffer pH 5.0. After alkaline liquid extraction and chromatographic separation on 1.9 μm Hypersil GOLD PFP column, compounds were detected by a TSQ Vantage mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition. 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC), methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and doxylamine were found in proximal segment at very low concentrations (3, 5, and 9 pg/mg, respectively) which is in agreement with a single exposure in the previous month corresponding to the alleged facts. These substances were not detected in segments B and C showing a lack of repetitive exposure before the alleged event. Thus, the results do not contradict the patient's claim of being assaulted. Doxylamine has already been encountered in such cases but no publications referring to 4-MEC or MDPV use have ever been documented. Our case reports the unusual administration of cathinones to achieve a sexual assault and stresses the interest of looking for designer drugs when dealing with DFSA cases.

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Some people living with HIV might need to pay attention to their mental health during the COVID‐19 two years pandemic in Tokyo until the Omicron variant occur

et al. 2023

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Stringent responses such as social distancing and restrictions on going out are necessary to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection. However, in Europe, the severity of depression and anxiety showed a considerable correlation with Stringency Index (SI) values, 1 which indicates the strength of social infection measures. People living with HIV (PLWH) are known to have a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than the general population, even before the COVID-19 pandemic. 2,3 This study surveyed the medical records of PLWH attending an HIV-referral hospital in Japan to examine their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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High prevalence of quasi-legal psychoactive substance use among male patients in HIV care in Japan: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

Drug‐facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) involving 4‐methylethcathinone (4‐MEC), 3,4‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and doxylamine highlighted by hair analysis

Some people living with HIV might need to pay attention to their mental health during the COVID‐19 two years pandemic in Tokyo until the Omicron variant occur

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