High prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure detected by breathalyzer in the Republic of the Congo, Africa

Greenmyer, Jacob R.; Klug, Marilyn G.; Nkodia, Gery; Popova, Svetlana; Hart, Brandon; Burd, Larry

doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106892

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This result is within the prevalence range of sub-Saharan African countries (2.2 and 59.28% to 87%) (15)(16)(17). In contrast, the prevalence of alcohol consumption in this survey was excessively higher than surveys conducted in Ethiopia (21,(24)(25)(26)(27), Burkina Faso (28,29), Republic of Congo (30,31), Uganda (32-36), South Africa (37), Nigeria (12,7%) (17,(38)(39)(40), Ghana (48%) (41) e Tanzania (42). This variation in prevalence may be due to sociocultural and contextual differences, as it is a rural setting and the tendency of alcohol consumption is higher in these areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a Rural District in Tete, Mozambique

Xavier

José

Cote

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a significant public health and pregnancy-related problem, such as spontaneous abortion, stillbirth or low birth weight. According to the WHO, there is no safe amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Studies show high rates of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in sub-Saharan African countries with a prevalence range (2.2-87%). This research aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a rural district of Tete, Mozambique. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted between May and June 2022. The non-probability convenience method was applied for sample selection. Prevalence was determined using a 95% CI. binary logistic Regression was used to determine the factors associated with alcohol consumption. Data were analysed using statistical SPPS v26 and Stata. Results: a total of 177 pregnant women participated in the survey. The prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy was 85.9% (152/177; 95% CI: 80.7-91.0), which was associated with increasing age (OR= 8.86; 95% CI: 2.646-29.687; p-value = 0.00 and OR= 9.81; 95% CI: 2.262-42.576; p-value = 0.002) respectively. In addition, another associated factor was following some religion (OR= 0.07; 95% CI: 0.020-0.246; p-value = 0.00). Conclusion: The survey significantly reveals a high prevalence of alcohol consumption among pregnant women attended in a antenatal care in Chitima. Maternal age and religion were the variables that have some significant association with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Therefore, interventions for behavioural change to reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy are needed, especially in all age groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a Rural District in Tete, Mozambique

Xavier

José

Cote

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Confirmation can be obtained through methods using surveys, interviews, questionnaires, clinical observation, self-reporting, or the detection of biomarkers in maternal and newborn blood, hair, breath, urine, and the placenta [20]. Most biomarkers indicate alcohol exposure within the past 24 h. Maternal breath alcohol concentrations can be used as a biomarker for the estimation of alcohol levels in both the mother and fetus [21]. Testing for phosphatidylethanol (PETH) can also be utilized to evaluate alcohol exposure at birth.…”

Section: Prenatal Alcohol Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Sensory Processing Disorder in Children

Breuer,

Greenmyer,

Wilson

2024

Children

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is commonly misdiagnosed because of the complexity of presentation and multiple diagnostic criteria. FASD includes four categorical entities (fetal alcohol syndrome, partial fetal alcohol syndrome, alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder, and alcohol related birth defects). The four FASD diagnostic criteria are facial dysmorphology, growth deficiency, central nervous system dysfunction, and prenatal alcohol exposure. Sensory processing disorders (SPDs) are common in FASD and are observed as inappropriate behavioral responses to environmental stimuli. These can be either a sensory-based motor disorder, sensory discrimination disorder, or sensory modulation disorder. A child with SPD may experience challenges with their fine motor coordination, gross motor coordination, organizational challenges, or behavioral regulation impairments. FASD requires a multidimensional approach to intervention. Although FASD cannot be cured, symptoms can be managed with sleep-based therapies, sensory integration, and cognitive therapies. This paper reviews SPDs in FASD and the interventions that can be used by practitioners to help improve their therapeutic management, although it is unlikely that any single intervention will be the right choice for all patients.

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“…Generally, the testing of blood and urine samples is ineffective in detecting PAE overall, as it only captures recent alcohol use relative to the time of the sample (Joya et al, 2012 ). Similarly, the use of a breathalyzer administered during prenatal care visits was identified as an effective means to detect and quantify alcohol use during pregnancy in all 3 trimesters, among women in the Republic of Congo (Greenmyer et al, 2020a ), but this would only capture alcohol use levels at the time of the prenatal care encounter.…”

Section: Screening Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Alcohol Use in Pregnancy: a Review of Current Practices and Perspectives

Dozet

Burd

Popova

2021

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Global trends of increasing alcohol consumption among women of childbearing age, social acceptability of women’s alcohol use, as well as recent changes in alcohol use patterns due to the COVID-19 pandemic may put many pregnancies at higher risk for prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), which can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Therefore, screening of pregnant women for alcohol use has become more important than ever and should be a public health priority. This narrative review presents the state of the science on various existing prenatal alcohol use screening strategies, including the clinical utility of validated alcohol use screening instruments. It also discusses barriers for alcohol use screening in pregnancy, such as practitioner constraints, unplanned pregnancies, delayed access to prenatal care, and stigma associated with substance use in pregnancy, providing recommendations to address these barriers. By implementing consistent alcohol use screening, prenatal care providers have the opportunity to facilitate access to counseling and brief interventions and thus, to prevent new cases of FASD and improve maternal and child health.

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High prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure detected by breathalyzer in the Republic of the Congo, Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a Rural District in Tete, Mozambique

Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a Rural District in Tete, Mozambique

Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Sensory Processing Disorder in Children

Screening for Alcohol Use in Pregnancy: a Review of Current Practices and Perspectives

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