High Prevalence ofEscherichia coli-Producing CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Poultry and Human Clinical Isolates in Romania

Abstract

Use of antibiotics in food animals may contribute to development and spread of resistant organisms, particularly so in some countries. The aim of this study was two-fold; first, to establish the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in chicken production in a region within Romania. Second, to study the relatedness of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates recovered from broilers, abattoir workers where the chickens were slaughtered and from the human clinical specimens from two regional hospitals. The results indicated a very high (69%) rate of carriage of ESBL and AmpC-producing E. coli in chickens with 36% CTX-M producers. Sequencing showed that chickens in Romania have the highest worldwide prevalence (53%) of blaCTX-M-15 reported in poultry E. coli isolates. The majority (53%) of the extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli carried plasmid-mediated blaampC genes, mostly blaCMY-2 type, one of the highest prevalences reported in Europe. The predominant CTX-M type found in the human clinical E. coli isolates was blaCTX-M-15 and most isolates coharbored blaOXA-1, blaTEM, and aac(6')-ib-cr. The majority (60%) of the human clinical isolates belonged to the pandemic virulent clone B2-ST131. The clonal relationship between broiler and the human CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates was assessed by macrorestriction pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which indicated strain diversity with no common STs found between human and poultry isolates. Moreover, IncI1 was the most prevalent replicon found in broiler ESBL-producing E. coli isolates and also in transconjugants, indicating that plasmids and not clonal spread may play a role in the transfer of blaCTX-M genes. This study identifies a high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli from broiler chickens in Romania with a high occurrence incidence of blaCTX-M-15, which reflects the main ESBL type found in human E. coli infections in this country.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases among cloacal Escherichia coliisolates in healthy broilers in Turkey

“…Results from the present study, indicating that the highest prevalence for ESBL types was the CTX-M-15 gene, were consistent with the newly published research (19,20). This result was also similar to findings in the study on human medicine by Gür et al (21).…”

“…All isolates were determined to be resistant against multiple antibiotics (at least six antibioticresistant). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance of ESBL-positive E. coli isolates to ampicillin, amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol was 100% (n = 25), 56% (14), 5% (13), 80% (20), 40% (10), 76% (19), 4% (1), 56% (14), 96% (24), 92% (23), 48% (12), 88% (22), 80% (20), and 80% (20), respectively. All of the ESBL E. coli isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin and imipenem.…”

“…Recently published literature reported that the most common ESBL-type E. coli in healthy poultry were CTX-M-1 in France (12) CTX-M-65) and TEM in China (14). In other studies, however, CTX-M-15 type ESBLs were reported as the most common: Panpan et al (19) identified that the most common type of ESBL in China was the CTX-M-15 gene, while Maciuca et al (20) conducted a study in poultry and people in Romania, reporting that the most common type in clinical isolates was also the CTX-M-15 gene.…”

Environmental adaptation and vertical dissemination of ESBL‐/pAmpC‐producing Escherichia coli in an integrated broiler production chain in the absence of an antibiotic treatment

“…A major concern is the high prevalence of these resistant bacteria in the broiler production chain. ESBL‐/pAmpC‐producing Enterobacteriaceae were frequently isolated from broiler fattening farms worldwide (Bortolaia et al ., 2010; Randall et al ., 2011; Kameyama et al ., 2013; Maciuca et al ., 2015; Trongjit et al ., 2016) but were also found in broiler (grand) parent flocks (Dierikx et al ., 2013; Agersø et al ., 2014; Mo et al ., 2014; Zurfluh et al ., 2014). Therefore, different transmission scenarios of the resistant bacteria in the broiler production pyramid are discussed: A transmission from prior stages into the fattening farms (Giovanardi et al ., 2005; Dierikx et al ., 2013; Nilsson et al ., 2014; Huijbers et al ., 2016) as well as an insufficient cleaning and disinfection procedure in the chicken barns (Hiroi et al ., 2012; Luyckx et al ., 2015b).…”

The Prevalence of Esbl-Producing Strains of E.coli, Isolated from Calves with Colibacilosis - Preliminary Remarks

“…The presence of the ESBL positive Enterobacteriaceae in the bacterial infections encumber the treatment of these not only in the veterinary medicine but also in the human medicine. In the veterinary medicine, Enterobacteriaceae that produce ESBL were isolated not only from the faeces of the pets (dogs and cats) but also from the commercial animals, these being considered a reservoir of bacteria that produce ESBL (Cozma et al, 2015;Măciucă et al, 2015). The calves and cows are exposed to the treatment with antibiotics either in a curative way, or sometimes in a prophylactic purpose.…”