High prevalence of human hydatid disease (Echinococcosis) in communities in northern Israel: Epidemiologic studies in the town of Yirka

Nahmias, J; Goldsmith, Robert S.; Schantz, Peter; Siman, M.; El‐On, Joseph

doi:10.1016/0001-706x(91)90067-t

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, with more conservative procedures, the rate of recurrence reaches 12%. 1,4,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Our results are in line with these reports, since statistical analysis indicated that the most important determinants for recurrence of hydatid cysts were rupture and minute spillage of the hydatid cyst, missing the cysts pre-or intraoperatively and incomplete pericystectomy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Postoperative recurrence of cystic hydatidosis

et al. 2012

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Background: Surgical management is the basic treatment for hydatid disease. Overall, the recurrence rate appears to be high (4.6%-22.0%). The purpose of this study was to report our results in the management of recurrent hydatid disease, evaluating the methods for identifying recurrence, prognostic factors and therapeutic options. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgery for cystic hydatidosis between 1970 and 2003.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Postoperative recurrence of cystic hydatidosis

et al. 2012

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“…36 It is probable, however, that there is a risk of infection from dog contact, dog feces, or food contaminated with E. granulosus eggs for any individual residing in an endemic area. To date, few studies have sought to quantify both human and dog infection rates 17 as well as distribution within a single community. This was the purpose of the current study in the town of La Paloma, in the Department of Durazno (central Uruguay), which is an area of known high endemicity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16 One problem for community studies is quantification of infection in both humans and dogs. [17][18][19] The ability to undertake mass screening programs for human CE has been greatly advanced by the advent of portable ultrasound, which has proved highly effective in the diagnosis of asymptomatic cases. 13,20,21 In addition, serologic tests based on Echinococcus antibody detection have also been effectively used in some endemic regions, such as Argentina, to identify asymptomatic seroreactors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Human cystic echinococcosis in a Uruguayan community: a sonographic, serologic, and epidemiologic study.

Cohen¹,

Paolillo²,

Bonifacino³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. A prevalence and transmission study of human cystic echinococcosis (CE), due to infection with the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, was undertaken in the village of La Paloma in central Uruguay. The human population was registered and screened for CE by abdominal ultrasound scan as well as a number of serologic tests. Dogs were screened for E. granulosus infection by arecoline purgation as well as specific coproantigen testing. The total prevalence of human CE (new cases and those with a previous history) was 5.6% (64 of 1,149); 3.6% (40) of the cases were new ultrasound detected asymptomatic cases (mean age ϭ 45 years). Age prevalence increased from 1.1% in the 4-6-year-old group to Ͼ 11% in the Ͼ 60-year-old group; the 20-29-year-old group had a significantly higher CE rate of 7.4%, compared with younger and older age groups, and there was no difference between sexes. A CE rate of 3.9% (20 of 514) was also recorded by ultrasound for new cases in the population residing outside the village. Most of the hydatid cysts were located in the liver presenting as either univesicular cysts or a solid mass, and of those 71% and 63%, respectively, with such cyst presentations were seropositive against E. granulosus cyst fluid antigens. Two of eight individuals who were filter paper blood spot seropositive, but ultrasound scan negative, were subsequently diagnosed respectively with pulmonary hydatidosis after radiography, and hepatic hydatidosis after computed tomography scan. Of 36 households with a CE patient, 32 were single cases while four households each harbored two CE cases. This did not represent a clustered distribution within families (23 of 117). Almost 20% of the dogs from La Paloma were found infected with E. granulosus after purge examination, with a mean worm number of 67 (range ϭ 1-1,020). An additional eight dogs that were purge negative were Echinococcus coproantigen positive. The study showed that human CE is highly endemic in Uruguay, with one of the highest local prevalence rates in the world. Transmission appears to occur readily within well-developed towns, as well as on rural sheep ranches. Mass screening by ultrasound scanning with confirmatory serologic testing is an effective approach to case detection at the community level.Echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic zoonotic parasitic helminthic disease due to infection with the larval stage (hydatid) of the small dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The parasite has a global distribution but is particularly prevalent in rural areas where it is transmitted in a cycle between the dog, the definitive host, and the sheep, the intermediate host. 1 In South America, E. granulosus is endemic and a significant public health problem in several countries including Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

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“…24 In Druze communities in northern Israel, an IHA test showed a sensitivity of only 14% when compared with ultrasound and chest radiography. 41 It is probable that serologic tests for CE will have overall reduced sensitivity when applied directly in endemic communities compared with hospital testing in which CE patients are usually in an advanced condition. 27 It has also been recently shown that IgG subclass (G1 and G4) seropositive rates can vary significantly between asymptomatic and clinically advanced CE patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in northern Libya.

Shambesh¹,

Craig²,

Macpherson³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

115

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Abstract. A prevalence study of abdominal cystic echinococcosis (CE) was undertaken in the northwest, northcentral, and northeast regions of Libya. A total of 36 villages along the coast were included, in which 20,220 people were screened by portable ultrasound. Three hundred thirty-nine (1.7%) were diagnosed with CE. There was no significant difference between CE prevalence rates in the three regions of Libya (mean ϭ 1.6%); however, intervillage rates were variable, ranging from 0% to 4.5%. The prevalence of CE increased significantly with age (P Ͻ 0.0001) and females were significantly more affected (2%) than males (1.3%) (P Ͻ 0.0001). Cases of CE were distributed among 3.2% of housewives, 2.6% of farmers, 2.3% of male civil servants, 1.3% of female students, and 1.1% of male students. Housewives (P Ͻ 0.0001) and students (P Ͻ 0.0001) were significantly more at risk for CE. A statistically significant proportion (62% [210 of 339]) of CE cases kept dogs (P Ͻ 0.0001). Of the ultrasound-positive CE cases 69% (233 of 339) were antibody seropositive by ELISA using Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid antigen B. Blood samples (n ϭ 10,096) collected onto filter papers were taken randomly from ultrasound-negative people who entered the study, of which 11.2% were found to be seropositive. Seropositivity increased with age (P Ͻ 0.0001), with females exhibiting higher seroprevalence than males for all age groups (P Ͻ 0.0001). Seroprevalence was distributed occupationally among 17.3% of female students, 11.2% of male students, 8.3% of housewives, 7.3% of farmers, and 6.4% of male civil servants. Housewives and students were more likely to be seropositive (P Ͻ 0.0001). Forty-seven percent (526) of the seroreactors kept dogs. All liver hydatid cysts detected by ultrasound during community screening were classified according to morphology and size into six types. Type I (17.5% of all cases) were small univesicular cysts less than 50 mm in diameter with no laminations or daughter cysts. Type II (34%) were univesicular cysts with only laminations. Type IIIa (8.5%) were univesicular cysts with the appearance of laminations and daughter cysts. Type IIIb (13%) were univesicular with laminations and less prominent daughter cysts. Type IV (5.6%) presented as a solid mass. Type V were degenerated calcified or partially calcified cysts (13.2%). Type VI presented as multiple cysts (8% of all cases). The CE cases that exhibited Types II, IIIa, IIIb, IV or VI cysts showed the highest seropositivity (86%, 96%, 95%, 100%, and 96%, respectively), while Types I and V were the least seroreactive (38% and 22%, respectively). Cases of CE occurred in 311 families, with 93% having only one member as a CE case while 7% of the families had two or more cases. However, 25% of the ultrasound-negative persons belonging to families with an index CE case were seropositive for antibodies to Echinococcus. These results confirm the importance of human CE in Libya. They also confirm the usefulness of ultrasound combined with serology as a mass screeni...

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High prevalence of human hydatid disease (Echinococcosis) in communities in northern Israel: Epidemiologic studies in the town of Yirka

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Postoperative recurrence of cystic hydatidosis

Postoperative recurrence of cystic hydatidosis

Human cystic echinococcosis in a Uruguayan community: a sonographic, serologic, and epidemiologic study.

An extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in northern Libya.

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